Analysis of the Ostwald Color System*

Foss, Carl E.; Nickerson, Dorothy; Granville, Walter C.

doi:10.1364/josa.34.000361

Cited by 65 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Specifically, for hue, the recent major Munsell hue steps can comprise 20 or 40 steps, but are typically 100 steps . For Ostwald and PCCS, 24 hue steps are used . For lightness, the 11 basic steps of the Munsell value are further subdivided into 21 steps in intervals of 0.5 as needed .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational color combination analysis of Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects

Kakehashi

Muramatsu

Hibino

2019

Color Research & Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, our aim is to clarify the color combination rules of the human‐preferred Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects. A set of 118 butterfly images, including color polyphenism from the 47 Papilionidae species that are generally preferred by humans, was selected. These images were classified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on similarities of lightness, chroma, and hue attributes in CIELAB space, determined using histogram intersection. Then, the color distributions and combinations in each cluster were analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model and the color combination types defined in the present study. Accordingly, we obtained the following main color combination rules of human‐preferred Papilionidae: (a) dominant low lightness and contrasting lightness components, (b) dominant low chroma and similar chroma components, and (c) dominant orange to yellow‐green hue and similar hue components. These rules partly agree with the robust harmony principles found in previous research. We infer that the cognitive effects concerning the processing fluency through these color combination rules influence human aesthetic responses.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational color combination analysis of Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects

Kakehashi

Muramatsu

Hibino

2019

Color Research & Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Color-Aid supply a set of several hundred colors. Their system is based on the Ostwald color solid (see Foss et al 1944). There are 24 hues made up from six cardinal hues:…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full set of CIE (Commission L'Eclairage International) tristimulus values is published in Moss et al (1990). These CIE coordinates allow "translation" from Color-Aid to more well known systems such as Munsell or OS A (Optical Society of America); see, for instance, Foss et al (1944). One child and one adult (both males) were found to have deuteranopia (a red-green anomaly), and they are not included in the data we report here.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turkish color terms: tests of Berlin and Kay’s theory of color universals and linguistic relativity

Özgen¹,

Davies²

1998

Linguistics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report a study of Turkish color terms with four main aims: to establish the inventory of BASIC color terms; to compare this inventory with Berlin and Kay's 11 color universals; to see if Turkish is an exception to the theory by having two basic terms for blue; and if it is, to explore whether there are cognitive effects of the two blue terms. Eighty children aged from eight to 14 years and 153 adults performed a color-term list task (write down as many color terms as you can) and a subset of these two samples went on to perform a color-naming task. In the naming task, they were asked to name 65 representative color <( tiles." Measures of salience and consensus derived from the two tasks converge to suggest that Turkish has 12 basic color terms. The denotations of these terms and the glosses provided by dictionaries and Turkish-speaking consultants are consistent with 11 of the terms being Turkish tokens of Berlin and Kay's 11 universal categories. The twelfth term -lacivert 'dark blue'-lies between the foci of the universal blue and purple and its range overlaps with the dark-blue term of Russian, sinij. However, in a third phase of the investigation, the majority of informants said that lacivert 'dark blue' was a kind o/mavi 'blue', thus violating one of Berlin and Kay's criteria (noninclusion) for basicness. Thus we have the unusual, but logically possible, case of a term being used with prevalence, consensus, and specificity, while at the same time being acknowledged as a subset of another term. Whatever the status of the two blue terms, however, we found evidence that the cognitive representation of the blue region of color space may reflect the salience of the two blue terms using color grouping, similarity judgments, and same-different tasks.

show abstract

“…Equation shows that the spectral reflectance of any object can be decomposed into three components: a wavelength invariant nonselective component, a primary or characteristic reflectance, and a metameric black reflectance. Equation has similarities to the method of defining spectral reflectances proposed by Ostwald which defines spectral reflectances based on the Equation W + B + C = 1, which is graphically depicted in Figure . Ostwald defined spectral reflectances that had rectangular curve shapes made up of three regions: the lower white (W) region, the middle “fullcolor” (C) region, and the upper black (B) region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waypoint shift manifolds for object color evaluation and comparison

Derhak

Luo

Berns

2020

Color Research & Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variability in object appearance is common in everyday experience and this variability can generally be attributed to the relationships between viewing conditions and the composition of an object's spectral reflectances. This paper proposes that objects, illuminants, and observers can be evaluated using a Wpt (Waypoint) shift manifold (WSM), which is defined as a set of Wpt points associated with one or more objects, observers, and/or illuminants. Since spectral reflectances of an object can be decomposed to three components (a wavelength invariant nonselective component, a characteristic reflectance, and a metameric black reflectance), WSMs of any object for an observing condition is composed of three Wpt vectors associated with a perfect reflecting diffuser, the characteristic reflectance, and the metameric black reflectance of the object. Material shift potential (MSP) can be defined as shapes and orientations of object WSMs for evaluation and comparison of object colors. Experimental results show that MSP are dramatically influenced by Wpt vectors associated with the characteristic reflectance and the metameric black reflectance for an object rather than the Wpt vectors associated with nonselective reflectance. Thus, MSP can be preserved for objects having similar characteristic reflectances and metameric black reflectances. In other words, spectral reflectances that have been manipulated to have similar overall shapes exhibit similar color inconstancy.

show abstract

Analysis of the Ostwald Color System*

Cited by 65 publications

References 1 publication

Computational color combination analysis of Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects

Computational color combination analysis of Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects

Turkish color terms: tests of Berlin and Kay’s theory of color universals and linguistic relativity

Waypoint shift manifolds for object color evaluation and comparison

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About