Analysis of the economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in Spain

Abstract

Objective To estimate the overall economic losses due to human and animal cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Spain in 2005. Methods We obtained data on annual CE incidence from surveillance and abattoir records, and on CE-related treatment and productivity losses (human and animal) from the scientific literature. Direct costs were those associated with diagnosis, surgical or chemotherapeutic treatment, medical care and hospitalization in humans, and condemnation of offal in livestock (sheep, goats, cattle and pigs). Indirect costs comprised human productivity losses and the reduction in growth, fecundity and milk production in livestock. The Latin hypercube method was used to represent the uncertainty surrounding the input parameters. Findings The overall economic loss attributable to CE in humans and animals in 2005 was estimated at 148 964 534 euros (€) (95% credible interval, CI: 21 980 446-394 012 706). Human-associated losses were estimated at €133 416 601 (95% CI: 6 658 738-379 273 434) and animal-associated losses at €15 532 242 (95% CI: 13 447 378-17 789 491). Conclusion CE is a neglected zoonosis that remains a human and animal health concern for Spain. More accurate data on CE prevalence in humans (particularly undiagnosed or asymptomatic cases) and better methods to estimate productivity losses in animals are needed. CE continues to affect certain areas of Spain, despite several control initiatives since 1986. Given the high economic burden of CE, additional funding is needed to reduce human and animal infection rates through improved disease surveillance, regular treatment of dogs and greater cooperation between agencies.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

Estimated annual economic loss from organ condemnation, decreased carcass weight and milk yield due to bovine hydatidosis (<em>Echinococcus granulosus</em>, Batsch, 1786) in Ethiopia

“…The indirect loss accounts for 97.5% of the total cost associated with bovine hydatidosis, whereas the direct losses were 2.5%. This is in general agreement with the reported 99% of the total loss associated with indirect loss (Benner et al, 2010) The present study demonstrated that bovine hydatidosis is widespread and a highly prevent parasitic disease in Ethiopia inflicting considerable direct and indirect economic loss (nearly 100 million USD per year) from organ condemnation, decreased carcass weight and reduced milk yield. The figure would have been much bigger if other input parameters such as mortality, losses from reduced work efficiency, reduced fecundity and burden on the public health were measured and considered in the economic estimation.…”

“…Estimated global annual overall losses from the burden of human cystic echinococcosis and livestock-associated losses were reported to be $1, 918,318,955 and $2,190,132,464, respectively (Budke et al, 2006). The overall economic loss attributable to cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in 2005 in Spain was estimated at 148,964,534 euros (€) (Benner et al, 2010). An estimated nation-wide annual economic loss of US$ 32.4 million from Turkey (Sariozkan and Yalcin, 2009) and 10.8 million € from Greece (Tsaglas, 1985) were also reported due to hydatidosis.…”

The Economic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis in Rio Negro Province, Argentina

“…39 The indirect costs associated with CE-infected livestock included the production losses that have been reported in a number of other studies, with uniform distributions used to represent the uncertainty in the estimates. 17,22,35,40 These losses included decreased carcass weights at the time of slaughter (2.5-10%) and decreased fecundity (0-10%) for sheep, cattle, and goats. Losses associated with a decrease in milk production (0-10% per year) were included for cattle, and losses associated with decreased fiber value (10-20% per year) were included for sheep and goats.…”

“…Based on the estimates used in other studies, all undiagnosed cases of CE were assumed to experience a 0-5% reduction in annual productivity. 17,22,35 Patient travel costs were estimated based on the mode of transportation that each patient reported using for the majority of their treatment-related travel, the distance between the patient's home and the hospital from which they received treatment, and the number of annual treatment visits. Costs were estimated for three modes of transportation (public transportation, private car, and ambulance), based on the cost per kilometer for each type of transportation.…”

Costs Associated with Surgically Treated Cases of Abdominal Cystic Echinococcosis: A Single Center's Experience from 2008 to 2014, Pavia, Italy

“…[10][11][12] Furthermore, all interventions in our cohort were performed in a single center with the same surgical team, minimizing differences in surgical approach and patient management. Mastrandrea and colleagues carried out a retrospective assessment of costs related to the treatment of CE in Sardinia in [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009], calculating the expenses associated with diagnosis, hospitalization, and treatment.…”