Analysis of the Complete Mycoplasma hominis LBD-4 Genome Sequence Reveals Strain-Variable Prophage Insertion and Distinctive Repeat-Containing Surface Protein Arrangements

Abstract

The complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma hominis LBD-4 has been determined and the gene content ascribed. The 715,165-bp chromosome contains 620 genes, including 14 carried by a strain-variable prophage genome related to Mycoplasma fermentans MFV-1 and Mycoplasma arthritidis MAV-1. Comparative analysis with the genome of M. hominis PG21T reveals distinctive arrangements of repeat-containing surface proteins.

Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hominis Strain Sprott (ATCC 33131), Isolated from a Patient with Nongonococcal Urethritis

“…Consistent with what has been reported for pairwise alignments of other M. hominis genomes ( 4 , 5 ), no large-scale rearrangements were evident. Strain Sprott did not contain the MHoV-1 prophage genome ( 4 ) but harbored a 25,256-bp mosaic tetM -containing transposon analogous to that recently identified in PL5 ( 5 ).…”

“…Consistent with what has been reported for pairwise alignments of other M. hominis genomes ( 4 , 5 ), no large-scale rearrangements were evident. Strain Sprott did not contain the MHoV-1 prophage genome ( 4 ) but harbored a 25,256-bp mosaic tetM -containing transposon analogous to that recently identified in PL5 ( 5 ). A search for additional mobile elements revealed pseudogenes for transposases and two truncated genes with greatest similarity to open reading frames (ORFs) contained in mycoplasmal integrative conjugative element (ICE) units ( 9 , 10 ).…”

“…Mycoplasma hominis was the first human mycoplasma species to be isolated ( 1 ), and in 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic schemes, it lends its name to the hominis cluster of taxa ( 2 ). Several representatives have been sequenced ( 3 – 5 ), but prior to the commencement of this work, no tetracycline-resistant isolates had been decoded. Accordingly, the genome of M. hominis Sprott, a tetracycline-resistant isolate from the urethral discharge of a nongonococcal urethritis patient ( 6 ), was determined.…”

“…M. hominis Sprott (ATCC 33131) was sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing at the National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM. Following assembly (with HGAP version 2 [ 7 ]), the 695,214-bp genome (27.4% G+C content, 360× coverage) was annotated using Prokka ( 8 ) to identify RNA features and coding sequences (CDSs) and then refined by comparison to the manually curated genome of M. hominis LBD-4 ( 4 ). Among the 615 genes, 549 CDSs, 6 rRNAs, and 33 tRNAs were identified.…”

Validation of a novel Mho microarray for a comprehensive characterisation of the Mycoplasma hominis action in HeLa cell infection

“…To date, eleven genome sequences of M . hominis have been published ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/ ), in which the annotated genes reveal the presence of mobile genetic elements, such as prophage MhoV-1 [ 33 ], insertion element ISMhom-1 [ 34 ] or tet M-carrying transposon [ 35 ]. MhoV-1 as part of the LBD-4 genome was the only one incorporated in the Mho microarray.…”