Analysis of Survival of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the survival of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and its associated factors. Methods: Retrospective study of survival analysis in individuals notified and hospitalized with COVID-19 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. As data source, the reports of hospitalized patients in the period from 1 March 2020, to 31 July 2021 were used. The Cox regression analysis plus the proportional risk assessment (assumption) were used to compare hospitalization time until the occurrence of the event (death from COVID-19) associated with possible risk factors. Results: The sample comprised 9806 notifications of cases, with the occurrence of 1885 deaths from the disease (19.22%). The mean age of the group was 58 years (SD ± 18.3) and the mean hospital length of stay was 10.5 days (SD ± 11.8). The factors that presented a higher risk of death from COVID-19, associated with a lower survival rate, were non-work-related infection (HR = 4.33; p < 0.001), age group 60–79 years (HR: 1.62; p < 0.001) and 80 years or older (HR = 2.56; p < 0.001), presence of chronic cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.18; p = 0.028), chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.5; p = 0.004), smoking (HR = 1.41; p < 0.001), obesity (HR = 2.28; p < 0.001), neoplasms (HR = 1.81; p < 0.001) and chronic neurological disease (HR = 1.68; p < 0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that non-work-related infection, age group above or equal to 60 years, presence of chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic neurological disease, smoking, obesity and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of death, and, therefore, a lower survival in Brazilian patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The identification of priority groups is crucial for Health Surveillance and can guide prevention, control, monitoring, and intervention strategies against the new coronavirus.

Hospitalizations for Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Analysis of the Occurrence Waves

“…Although there was a predominance of the sample among the lowest education levels of almost 30%, going in the same direction as other studies (11,25,26), there was no statistical difference in the length of hospital stay for these categories among the three waves. People from secondary and higher education, speci cally in the third wave, had this time increased, mainly among the higher education, whose average jumped from 10.5 days in the rst wave to 14 days in the third, re ecting slower progress and worsening of cases.…”

“…Initially, approximately a quarter of people diagnosed with COVID-19 had developed serious conditions; of these, 80% needed to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (10). A recent study analyzing the survival of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, found that the group of people aged 80 years or older who were smokers, obese, had chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic neurological disease, and neoplasms were associated with a shorter survival time (11). Thus, it was possible to observe that some priority groups had more severe outcomes, such as death, owing to the favorable characteristics of these events.…”

Perfil sociodemográfico e força muscular periférica de pacientes pós Covid-19

“…No entanto, quanto à gravidade e mortalidade, estudos (PALAIODIMOS et al, 2020;GARBIN et al, 2022;GUIMARÃES et al, 2022) apontam maior frequência nas pessoas em idade avançada. Uma revisão sistemática realizada por Noor e Islam (2020), incluindo estudos entre janeiro e agosto de 2020 trouxe maior frequência de infecção Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.9, n.1, p. 3747-3764, jan., 2023 naqueles com idade acima de 65 anos, do sexo masculino e apresentando comorbidades.…”

COVID-19 Mortality in Public Hospitals in a Brazilian State: An Analysis of the Three Waves of the Pandemic

“…A recent study published, which aimed to analyze the survival of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and its associated factors in Brazil, has concluded that non-work-related infection, age group above or equal to 60 years, presence of chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic neurological disease, smoking, obesity, and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of death, and, therefore, a lower survival in Brazilian patients hospitalized with COVID-19 [ 9 ].…”

“…The first study conducted in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil which aimed to analyze the survival of patients hospitalized by COVID-19 with the source of data from the state’s official Health Surveillance Information System, have shown that the risk factors for death from COVID-19, such as the age group 60 to 79 years, and 80 years or more, non-work infection, patients with comorbidities, especially cardiovascular, chronic kidney disease, chronic neurological disease, smoking, obesity and neoplasms were associated with lower survival [ 9 ]. A cross-sectional study undertaken in Kazakhstan, identified 80% of cases of COVID-19 infection were asymptomatic or mild, and among the symptoms, the most common were cough (20.8%) and sore throat (17.1%), fever (11.6%) and runny nose (7.2%).…”