Analysis of structural features of tin dioxide-based fractal nanocomposites by atomic-force microscopy and x-ray diffraction

Hierarchical nanostructured semiconductor porous materials for gas sensors

“…The aggregating facts observable from AFM images arise as a result of suppression repulsive forces between ellipsoid sol particles which make a chaotic motion in the solution [16]. The aggregate is led to growth by addition of a next particle to the aggregate as a result of a collision.…”

“…11 shows the experimental Cole-Cole plots in air and in the presence of acetone and ethanol vapors at 360°С. Apparently from the represented dependences the additional relaxation is observed at low frequencies in the presence of a reducing gas [15].…”

“…The AFM images of a typical fractal nanostructured composite based on tin dioxide synthesized by the sol-gel method are shown in Fig. 3 (the height range along the z-axis is 29.9 nm, the scanning area size is 5 μm × 5 μm) [16]. The phase contrast mode allows us to single out the nuance contrast of nanocomposite properties.…”

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

“…These results indicate that a fractal geometry alone is not sufficient to gain better gas sensitivity. Gracheva and co-workers prepared gas-sensitive fractal structures based on SnO 2 and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) by a sol–gel technique [ 57 , 69 – 70 ]. The evolution of fractal aggregates of tin and silicon dioxides resulted in the formation of spherical, labyrinth, and percolation network structures.…”

Stage-by-stage formation of superficial nanostructures in ITO films reduced by H2-GD at low temperature (100 °C) for applications on plastic substrates

“…The presented height images (figures 4(a)-(c)) confirm the nanostructural features observed by the SEM images for each stage. On the other hand, phase images presented in figures 4(d)-(f) can provide additional information related to the sensitivity of the cantilever tip to adhesive, repulsive, and other forces presented in the surface [17]. Although, phase images are not always directly related to absolute compositional characteristics, the comparison between the height and phase images can be used to obtain useful information related to the compositional contrast, and reveals either the heterogeneous or homogeneous nature of the surface [18].…”