Analysis of sectoral energy and exergy use of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

SUMMARYThis paper presents the analysis of sectoral energy and exergy utilization of Saudi Arabia by considering the energy and exergy flows for the 12 years between 1990 and 2001. Sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained for the subsectors and the devices used in each sector. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for Saudi Arabia are also presented, respectively, to illustrate the situation on how energy and exergy efficiencies vary in each sector. The residential sector appears to be the most energy efficient sector, and the industrial sector to be the most exergy efficient. It is believed that the current methodology is useful for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization, which will help Saudi Arabia with energy savings through energy efficiency and/or energy conservation measures. It is also be helpful to establish standards to facilitate application in various sectors and processes for a sustainable energy planning.

Modelling the energy and exergy utilisation of the Mexican non-domestic sector: A study by climatic regions

“…This study presented the development of an archetype-based bottom-up building energy model supported with an exergy method developed by Dincer et al (2004) to assess the energy/exergy use of the Mexican non-domestic sector. The analysis was undertaken based on very detailed database of 120 non-domestic buildings located in different regions of the country.…”

“…Sectoral exergy research, including the non-domestic sector, has been undertaken in the past 20 years in countries such as the U.K., Norway, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Greece, Japan, U.S., and Canada (Al-Ghandoor, 2013;Dincer et al, 2004;Ertesvåg, 2001;Gasparatos et al, 2009;Hammond and Stapleton, 2001;Kondo, 2009;Reistad Gordon, 1980;Rosen, 2013;Rosen, 1992;Saidur et al, 2007;Utlu and Hepbasli, 2003;Xydis et al, 2009). The majority of these studies approach the sectoral exergy analysis from a top-down econometric approach.…”

“…The method used to quantify exergy efficiencies for end uses and temperature product assumptions was adapted from Utlu and Hepbasli (2003) and Dincer et al (2004) and is summarised in this section. Following this, the use by region, by building and by end-use was quantified and finally the exergy efficiency of the non-domestic sector was determined.…”

“…If the energy quality factor of fuels are assumed to be 1.0 (like in the case of electricity), exergy efficiencies can be defined as a function of energy efficiency (Dincer et al, 2004). The following section presents the exergy efficiency formulas used for electrical-based and gas-based end-uses.…”

The role of an exergy-based building stock model for exploration of future decarbonisation scenarios and policy making

“…These approaches have been used for further studies and are mainly based on top-down econometric modelling. For example, in studies related to the building sector, Dincer et al (2004) performed an analysis of sectoral energy and exergy use of Saudi Arabia between 1990 and 2001. Country's energy efficiency was found at 50.2%, while the exergy efficiency only at 31.3%.…”