Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Bitumen Modified with Waste Plastic and Rubber Additives by Rheology  and Self Diffusion NMR Experiments

Caputo, Paolino; Porto, Michele; Loise, Valeria; Teltayev, Bagdat; Rossi, Cesare Oliviero

doi:10.18321/ectj864

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…At high temperatures, the elastic modulus G has a non-linear behavior approaching the transition of a viscoelastic fluid into a fluid (60 and 70 • C for pure and modified bitumen, respectively). The transition from the viscoelastic to the liquid mode ends when the modulus G' is no longer detected and, therefore, the loss tangent tan δ diverges at approximately the same temperature values [20]. The loss tangent tan δ increases with increasing temperature, which indicates a decrease in the consistency of the material and the predominant liquid-like behavior increases with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Scheme 2 Reaction Scheme Of the Functionalization Of Snpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization and Modification of Bitumen by Silica Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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A study on the effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) dispersion in bitumen is herein reported. First, the size of the nanoparticles was finely tuned by controlling the experimental conditions during their synthesis, obtaining spherical SNPs with diameter ranging from 95 up to 900 nm. Subsequently, SNPs were embedded with peripheral amine groups by using APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) as functionalized agent (NH2@SNP), and ultimately long alkyl chains were grafted by reacting the free amine with an alkylated aldehyde (C14N@SNP). All SNPs (ca. 1 wt%.) were dispersed in bitumen to probe their effect on the rheological properties of bitumen. No significant change in the thermorheological properties of bitumen was observed upon varying the size of the SNPs. Slight improvement was observed when using NH2@SNPs, while the best results were obtained by using C14N@SNPs, showing the crucial role that hydrophobic substituents play in bitumen binders which leads to significant improvements.

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Section: Scheme 2 Reaction Scheme Of the Functionalization Of Snpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization and Modification of Bitumen by Silica Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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“…An example of this is the creation of an additive called Sasoflex which is a compound of a plastomer (Sasobit) combined with an elastomer (styrene-butadiene-styrene) by using a proprietary chemical cross-linking agent (sasolink). The plastomer (Sasobit) fraction reduces the viscosity of the mix at paving temperatures and stiffens the binder at in-service pavement temperatures while the elastomer (SBS) fraction maintains the flexibility at low temperatures [ 26 , 27 ]. Sasobit REDUX is another modification of Sasobit technology, which consists of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic wax (Sasobit) and other petroleum-based waxes.…”

Section: Organic Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Additives in Warm Mix Asphalt Technology: An Insight into Their Mechanisms of Improving an Emerging Technology

et al. 2020

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The asphalt industry’s incentive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has increased since the 1990s due to growing concerns on environmental issues such as global warming and carbon footprint. This has stimulated the introduction of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and its technologies which serve the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt mix. WMA gained popularity due to the environmental benefit it offers without compromising the properties, performance and quality of the asphalt mix. WMA is produced at significantly lower temperatures (slightly above 100 °C) and thus results in less energy consumption, fewer emissions, reduced ageing, lower mixing and compaction temperatures, cool weather paving and better workability of the mix. The latter of these benefits is attributed to the incorporation of additives into WMA. These additives can also confer even better performance of WMA in comparison to conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) methods. Even though there are recommended dosages of several WMA additives, there is no general standardized mixture design procedure and this makes it challenging to characterize the mechanism(s) of action of these additives in the warm mix. The effects of the addition of additives into WMA are known to a reasonable extent but not so much is known about the underlying interactions and phenomena which bring about the mechanism(s) by which these additives confer beneficial features into the warm mix. Additives in a certain way are being used to bridge the gap and minimize or even nullify the effect of the mixing temperature deficit involved in WMA processes while improving the general properties of the mix. This review presents WMA technologies such as wax, chemical additives and foaming processes and the mechanisms by which they function to confer desired characteristics and improve the durability of the mix. Hybrid techniques are also briefly mentioned in this paper in addition to a detailed description of the specific modes of action of popular WMA technologies such as Sasobit, Evotherm and Advera. This paper highlights the environmental and technical advantages of WMA over the conventional HMA methods and also comprehensively analyzes the mechanism(s) of action of additives in conferring desirable characteristics on WMA, which ultimately improves its durability.

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“…(a) (b) The NMR measurements with the self-diffusion H-NMR probe allowed the evaluation of the self-diffusion coefficient (D) of oil into the extenders. The present measurements provide information concerning the molecular dynamics and spatial dimensions of the particles and cavities in order to establish the particles' mobility and the microstructures of the samples [26]. The NMR spectra were obtained from Free Induction Decay by means of the Fourier transform.…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements-t 2 Relaxation Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sci. 2020, 10, 1204 6 of 11 concerning the molecular dynamics and spatial dimensions of the particles and cavities in order to establish the particles' mobility and the microstructures of the samples [26]. The NMR spectra were obtained from Free Induction Decay by means of the Fourier transform.…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements-t 2 Relaxation Timementioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Rubber-REOB Extender to Produce Sustainable Modified Bitumens

et al. 2020

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Thanks to greater attention to the environment and the depletion of non-renewable resources, the sustainability and the circular economy have become crucial topics. The current trend of pavement engineering is to reduce the use of standard bitumen by replacing it with more sustainable materials such as industrial residues and by-products. In this regard, the present study aims to characterize innovative extended bitumen using recycled materials. Due to promising preliminary results as bitumen modifiers, the powdered rubber from end-of-life tires and the re-refined engine oil bottom (REOB) have been investigated as feasible components of bitumen extenders. Nevertheless, several variables strongly affect the performance of the resulting binder, which cannot be neglected. Hence, this research focuses on the rubber-REOB interaction in order to evaluate their optimum ratio, which may maximize the use and advantages of both recycled materials as suitable partial replacements for bitumen. Various rubber-REOB ratios were considered and investigated by means of low and high frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Bitumen Modified with Waste Plastic and Rubber Additives by Rheology and Self Diffusion NMR Experiments

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Functionalization and Modification of Bitumen by Silica Nanoparticles

Functionalization and Modification of Bitumen by Silica Nanoparticles

The Role of Additives in Warm Mix Asphalt Technology: An Insight into Their Mechanisms of Improving an Emerging Technology

A Study of Rubber-REOB Extender to Produce Sustainable Modified Bitumens

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