Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Landraces of Korea Using SSR Markers

Abstract

-Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), one of the minor crops grown in Korea belonging to the Polygonaceae family, is an annual crop widely cultivated in Asia, Europe, and America and has a character of outcrossing and self-incompatibility. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of buckwheat landraces of Korea using SSR markers. Ten microsatellite markers have been detected from a total of 79 alleles among the 179 buckwheat accessions were collected from Korea. The number of allele per marker locus (NA) ranged from 2 (GB-FE-001, GB-FE-043 and GB-FE-055) to 31 (GB-FE-035) with an average of 7.9 alleles. GB-FE-035 was the most polymorphic with the highest PIC value 0.93. Major allele frequencies (MAF) for the 10 polymorphic loci varied from 0.12 to 0.97 with a mean allele frequency of 0.57. The expected heterozygosity (HE) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 with an average of 0.53. The observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.06 to 0.92 with an average of 0.42. The overall polymorphic information contents (PIC) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.93 with an average of 0.48. The landrace accessions of buckwheat used in the present study were not distinctly grouped according to geographic distribution. The study concludes that the results revealed genetic differentiation was low according to the geographic region because of outcrossing and self-incompatibility. We reported that our analyses on the genetic diversity of common buckwheat cultivars of Korea were performed by using of microsatellite markers.

Assessment of genetic relationships among common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) varieties from Western Balkans using morphological and SSR molecular markers

“…Fem1368, which detected 12 alleles, showed the highest PIC value (0.826). The PIC averaged over all markers was 0.607, and is higher than the average values (0.48) reported by MA et al (2009) and SONG et al (2011). Much higher values (0.84) for PIC were obtained by IWATA et al (2005).…”

“…Common buckwheat has a narrow gene pool (MA et al, 2009) and its limited distribution contributes to the fact that most of the varieties grown are local populations adapted to their environmental conditions through cultivation (SONG et al, 2011). High genetic diversity among and within common buckwheat varieties is a result of complete allogamy due to the heterostylous self-incompatible system (IWATA et al, 2005).…”

“…High genetic diversity among and within common buckwheat varieties is a result of complete allogamy due to the heterostylous self-incompatible system (IWATA et al, 2005). The mentioned diversity has been studied using allozyme analysis (OHNISHI, 1988), RAPDs (MURAI and OHNISHI, 1996;SHARMA and JANA, 2002;IWATA et al, 2005), AFLPs (IWATA et al 2005;KONISHI et al 2005) and SSRs (IWATA et al, 2005;KONISHI et al, 2006;MA et al, 2009;SONG et al, 2011). All of these approaches proved to be effective in revealing genetic differences between samples of common buckwheat.…”

History of the progressive development of genetic marker systems for common buckwheat

“…SSR markers have also been used to demonstrate that there is a low level of gene flow between wild and cultivated common buckwheat (Konishi and Ohnishi 2007). Furthermore, Ma et al (2009) developed 136 SSR markers, and this system was mainly used to investigate genetic diversity in Korean common buckwheat varieties (Ma et al 2009, Song et al 2011.…”

SSR Analysis of the Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes of Cultivar Lines and Wild Types of the Sunflower (Helianthus L.)

“…To intensify the crops selection, carry out investigation of DNA polymorphism inbred lines and wild sources plants (Usatov et al, 2014;Kaur et al, 2019). Modern research methods allow the most effective study of the genetic diversity of organisms and use it in population and breeding studies (Song et al, 2018). Molecular markers are among the pre-requisites to accelerate the crop breeding program through genomics assisted breeding (Bohra et al, 2017).…”