Analysis of Functionalized Ferromagnetic Memory Alloys from the Perspective of Developing a Medical Vascular Implant

Abstract

Durable biocompatible metal vascular implants are still one of the significant challenges of contemporary medicine. This work presents the preparation of ferromagnetic biomaterials with shape memory in metal strips based on FePd (30 at% Pd) that is either not doped or doped with Ga and Mn, coated with poly(benzofuran-co-arylacetic acid) or polyglutamic acid. The coating of the metal strips with polymers was achieved after the metal surface had been previously treated with open-air cold plasma. The final functionalization was performed to induce anti-thrombogenic/thrombolytic properties in the resulting materials. SEM-EDX microscopy and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) determined the morphology and composition of the metal strips covered with polymers. In vitro tests of standardized thromboplastin time (PTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were performed to evaluate the thrombogenicity of these biofunctionalized materials for future possible monitoring of the implant in patients.

Bio-Inspired Micro- and Nanorobotics Driven by Magnetic Field

“…With the help of shape alloy memory, it is possible to deliver a biomaterial or drug into a cell using a helix swimmer and release it owing to external influence. It will allow conduct operations in difficult-to-reach anatomical spaces, small vessels, and brains [ 135 , 136 ].…”

“…Another approach to creating a surface biocoating of a biomimetic nanorobot was described in [ 136 ]. Inorganic paramagnetic Pd nanocoils with a diameter of 400 nm were coated with the plasma membrane of human platelets ( Figure 11 c).…”