Analysis of faulted fan surfaces and paleosols in the Palomares Fault Zone (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Paleoclimatic and paleoseismic implications

Roquero, Elvira; Silva, Pablo G.; Rodríguez-Pascua, Miguel Ángel; Bardajı́, Teresa; Élez, Javier; García, Pedro Carrasco; Giner-Robles, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.06.003

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The results of these studies confirm the capacity of these faults to produce morphogenic earthquakes with Mw greater than 6.0 and recurrence intervals of a few thousand years (García-Mayordomo et al, 2012). In relation to the less studied faults, there are some works that preliminarily evaluated the seismic potential of the Carrascoy Fault (Amores et al, 2001;García-Mayordomo and Álvarez-Gómez, 2006) and recent paleoseismological studies in Carrascoy and Palomares faults (Martín-Banda et al, 2015;Roquero et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Carrascoy Faultsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Correlation of different soil horizons with marine oxygen isotopic stages (OIS or MIS) is often used to establish the geochronology of the deformed and faulted soils in order to estimate deformation rates (Keller and Pinter, 1996;Van der Woerd et al, 2002;Ferry et al, 2007;Chevalier et al, 2012;Moulin et al, 2014). The lack of a detailed and continuous record of continental paleoenvironmental changes in SE Spain for the last 220 ky requires the comparison of these periods with marine isotopic patterns (Candy and Black, 2009;Moreno et al, 2015;Ferrater, 2016;Roquero et al, 2019). Candy and Black (2009) correlate the formation of carbonate pedogenic horizons in SE Spain with warm MISs from the systematic dating of calcretes by Uranium Series in the Sorbas Basin (Almería).…”

Section: Calcretes Age Database Of Se Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slip Rate Variation During the Last ∼210 ka on a Slow Fault in a Transpressive Regime: The Carrascoy Fault (Eastern Betic Shear Zone, SE Spain)

2021

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Fault slip rate variability over time is a crucial aspect for understanding how single faults interact among each other in fault systems. Several studies worldwide evidence the occurrence of high activity periods with clustering of events and synchronization among faults, followed by long periods of low activity (super-cycles). The increasing gathering of evidence of these phenomena is making fault hazard models quickly evolving and challenging seismic hazard assessment. However, in moderately active fault systems, a determination of fault slip rates can present large uncertainties, that have to be carefully considered when slip rate histories are determined. In this work, we estimate the variation of slip rate in the last ∼210 ky of the NE segment of the left-lateral reverse Carrascoy Fault, one of the main faults forming the Eastern Betic Shear Zone in SE Spain. We study two selected field sites where we have been able to measure offsets and date the sediments along with uncertainties. The first site shows a progressive discordance drawn by different calcretes developed on alluvial deposits. The vertical throw is calculated by modeling the growth of the discordance. The vertical slip rates are estimated dating the deformed calcretes by Uranium Series and by comparing them with a complete regional calcrete dates database compiled from the literature. On the second site, we analyze the geomorphology of different Upper Pleistocene alluvial fans, where three incised channels are offset by the fault, providing the net slip for the last ∼124 ky. We discuss the influence of different factors on the estimate of net slip rates using data from different sources. This analysis highlights the importance of determining an accurate fault geometry and how local data can provide misleading deformation rates. Our results suggest the existence of long periods of low activity disturbed by short high activity periods. Such a pattern of activity along time is defined for the first time in the Eastern Betic Shear Zone, with interesting implications in the seismogenic behavior of the rest of the slow faults within the region.

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Section: The Carrascoy Faultsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Calcretes Age Database Of Se Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slip Rate Variation During the Last ∼210 ka on a Slow Fault in a Transpressive Regime: The Carrascoy Fault (Eastern Betic Shear Zone, SE Spain)

2021

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“…In Table 5 and Figure 4, we analyze mean RI for large earthquakes obtained by means of paleoseismic research in each fault, except for the PF where there are no simulated M W > 6 events in the PF‐2 section to compare with the paleoseismic estimations (Table 2; Roquero et al., 2019). We verify a very good correlation with the recurrence time intervals for simulated events in the AMF and the BSF, and a worse correlation for the CAF and the LTF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics‐Based Earthquake Simulations in Slow‐Moving Faults: A Case Study From the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (SE Iberian Peninsula)

et al. 2021

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Earthquake hazard forecasting often has to deal with the scarcity of seismicity data, the complexity of fault segmentation, the uncertainties derived from the characterization of seismogenic sources, the dynamics of earthquake rupture and the recurrence model used. Instrumental earthquake recordings are available only since about 1900 and they are not reliable until several decades later. There are a few regions with representative historical data of large earthquakes for more than 2000 years in Italy (Boschi, 2000), Japan (Ishibashi, 2004), and China (Liu et al., 2011) that allow acquisition of reliable major earthquake magnitudes and recurrence statistics. In regions with low to moderate seismicity, such as some zones of the western Mediterranean or intracontinental areas, earthquake hazard estimation is especially challenging (see e.g., Estay et al., 2016;Gamage & Venkatesan, 2019;Perea & Atakan, 2007). Most of the large, and consequently damaging earthquakes, have recurrence times on the order of hundreds or thousands of years. Since historical catalogs are often scarce and imprecise, the paleoseismic record provides valuable data about rare but devastating major events and long-term recurrence times, but these data usually have large uncertainties (McCalpin, 2009). Often, the slow fault systems, besides generating low seismicity in terms of frequency, show little geomorphological expression. This makes it difficult to define the segmentation of fault traces and the parameters relating to their 3D geometry and their kinematics. Fault system geometry also plays an important role in the stress interactions that control the earthquake ruptures and therefore magnitude and recurrence statistics (e.g.

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“…Geological parameters of the faults such as dip, kinematics, fault traces, length and seismogenic depth were extracted from the Quaternary Active Faults of Iberia database (QAFI) (García-Mayordomo et al, 2012IGME, 2015a), which compiles the data on the literature from each fault. Exceptionally, for PF we used the kinematics proposed by Roquero et al (2019), since it is more recent (Table 1). However, García-Mayordomo (2005), as compiled in the QAFI database, considers PF as a dip slip fault and the net slip rate estimations are inferred from this consideration.…”

Section: Other Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-PF-1 and 2: The net slip rates used are the lower and upper values of the long-term uplift rates of lower-middle Pleistocene terraces and alluvial fan surfaces (see discussion in García-Mayordomo, 2005). This last study considers this fault as mainly dip-slip, but new recent data on PF (Roquero et al, 2019) suggest strike slip kinematics, which could change the net slip rate values significantly. There are no published paleoseismic studies available in this fault and hence no paleorate estimations to date.…”

Section: Declaration Of Competing Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling earthquake rupture rates in fault systems for seismic hazard assessment: The Eastern Betics Shear Zone

Gómez-Novell

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García-Mayordomo

et al. 2020

Engineering Geology

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Analysis of faulted fan surfaces and paleosols in the Palomares Fault Zone (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Paleoclimatic and paleoseismic implications

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Slip Rate Variation During the Last ∼210 ka on a Slow Fault in a Transpressive Regime: The Carrascoy Fault (Eastern Betic Shear Zone, SE Spain)

Slip Rate Variation During the Last ∼210 ka on a Slow Fault in a Transpressive Regime: The Carrascoy Fault (Eastern Betic Shear Zone, SE Spain)

Physics‐Based Earthquake Simulations in Slow‐Moving Faults: A Case Study From the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (SE Iberian Peninsula)

Modelling earthquake rupture rates in fault systems for seismic hazard assessment: The Eastern Betics Shear Zone

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