Analysis of elastic nonlinearity for impact damage detection in composite laminates

Frau, Alessandra; Pieczonka, Łukasz; Porcu, Maria Cristina; Staszewski, Wiesław J.; Aymerich, Francesco

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/628/1/012103

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is immediately noticed that the damage indicator assumes non-zero values even for the undamaged sample (pristine case in diagrams of Figure 6). This effect, which has been reported in a number of previous investigations of the nonlinear response of a material to acoustic or ultrasonic waves [22,23], may be related to nonlinearities of the instrumentation as well as to inherent nonlinearities of the material or to the presence of small manufacturing defects with a size below the detection threshold of ultrasonic scanning.…”

Section: Damage Detection Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Impact Damage Detection in Composite Beams by Analysis of Non-Linearity under Pulse Excitation

2021

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To detect the presence of damage, many structural health monitoring techniques exploit the nonlinear features that typically affect the otherwise linear dynamic response of structural components with internal defects. One of them is the Scaling Subtraction Method (SSM), which evaluates nonlinear features of the response to a high-amplitude harmonic excitation by subtracting a scaled reference signal. Originally tested on granular materials, the SSM was shown to be effective for composite materials as well. However, the dependence of the technique efficiency on the testing frequency, usually selected among the natural frequencies of the system, may limit its application in practice. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the SSM through a broadband impulsive excitation, which would avoid the need of a preliminary modal analysis and address the issue of the proper selection of the excitation frequency. A laminated composite beam was tested in intact and damaged conditions under both scaled harmonic excitations of different frequency and broadband impulsive signals of scaled amplitude. Two damage indicators working on the frequency domain were introduced. The results showed a good sensitivity of the SSM to the presence and level of impact damage in composite beams when applied through a broadband impulsive excitation.

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Section: Damage Detection Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Recently, it was shown that the SSM can be effective in assessing the presence of impact damage in composite laminates [22][23][24]. The sensitivity of the method was found, however, to strongly depend on the excitation frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Damage Detection in Composite Beams by Analysis of Non-Linearity under Pulse Excitation

2021

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“…Among the techniques that exploit the non-linear features induced by damage is the Vibro-Acoustic Modulation (VAM) method, which has been proven to be effective in detecting fatigue cracks in steel beams [19,20], aluminum specimens [21][22][23] and pipelines [24] as well as in wind turbine blades [25]. This technique was also applied to detect barely visible impact damage in composite materials [8,26,27] and composite sandwich panels [28]. The VAM technique applies simultaneously a low-frequency wave (pump excitation) and a high-frequency wave (probe or carrier excitation) to the test system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When carrying out VAM tests the excitation signals can be provided by means of different actuation methods and the system response captured through different kinds of sensors. Low-profile lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers are by far the most common choice for providing the high-frequency excitation [7][8][9][26][27][28] and sometimes also the low-frequency modal excitation [29]. The latter is however more commonly applied by means of piezoceramic stack actuators [27,28] or, more rarely, through shakers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage Detection in Composite Materials by Flexural Dynamic Excitation and Accelerometer-Based Acquisition

Loi

Uras

Porcu

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Composite materials provide many advantages over more conventional materials. However, their susceptibility to impact damage can question their use in critical load-bearing structures, and efficient methods are needed for early damage detection. To this purpose, the nonlinear vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) technique applies a low-frequency pump excitation and a high-frequency probe excitation to exploit the onset of harmonic components around the probe frequency of the damaged structural response. The VAM technique has been widely studied on structures instrumented with piezoceramic transducers used for both actuation and sensing, but few attempts have been made to use equipment typical of modal testing, such as shakers and accelerometers. In this study, the VAM technique is applied to a composite laminate beam by employing an electro-dynamic shaker to generate low-frequency flexural excitation, a low-profile piezoceramic transducer to introduce the probe wave, and a micro-accelerometer to sense the structural response. Three resonance low frequencies and two acoustic frequencies are considered in different testing scenarios, at increasing levels of excitation amplitude. The results show a general good performance of the technique with the adopted experimental setup, the choice of the probe frequency and the higher level of the pump excitation having a significant impact on its sensitivity.

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“…Electrical strain sensors are a consolidated technology for nondestructive testing and evaluation and SHM 14–16 . However, in recent years, there has been an impressive development of optical fiber sensors (OFSs) by reason of their advantages over traditional sensors, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, flexibility, lightweight, high sensitivity and accuracy, intrinsic safety, multiplexing capabilities, resistance to radiation and corrosion, 17–19 and high‐speed data acquisition 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bonding on the performance of optical fiber strain sensors

Floris

Sangiorgio

Adam

et al. 2021

Structural Contr & Hlth

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Summary The structural health monitoring (SHM) of existing buildings, structures, and infrastructures has become increasingly important in recent years, while the interest of the scientific community is focused on the use of new high‐performance technologies. Fiber optic sensors have become particularly attractive, thanks to their potential for monitoring strain in smart structures. The performance of this new technology depends to a large extent on the bonding technique used for its manufacture. Although the related literature has identified a correlation between some efficiency issues and the geometrical parameters of the bonding and mechanical properties of the materials adopted, the phenomenon is still not completely understood. This paper describes an in‐depth study of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that influence the efficiency of optical fiber point sensors' surface bonding by synergistically related techniques such as computational simulation, experimental tests, sensor manufacturing, and data analysis. The paper's novelty is fourfold: (1) the investigation of the strain transfer mechanism of surface‐bonded fiber optic sensors by considering, for the first time, all the parameters influencing the phenomenon through a considerable number of finite element (FE) analyses (117 three‐dimensional FE models); (2) the development of a series of bonding efficiency predictive models; (3) the design of a specific laboratory test to validate the computational outcomes; and (4) the definition of useful guidelines for effective bonding manufacturing in order to maximize the performance of these sensors when acquiring monitoring data.

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Analysis of elastic nonlinearity for impact damage detection in composite laminates

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Impact Damage Detection in Composite Beams by Analysis of Non-Linearity under Pulse Excitation

Impact Damage Detection in Composite Beams by Analysis of Non-Linearity under Pulse Excitation

Damage Detection in Composite Materials by Flexural Dynamic Excitation and Accelerometer-Based Acquisition

Effects of bonding on the performance of optical fiber strain sensors

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