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The paper investigates the potential of cohesive interface elements for damage prediction in laminates subjected to low-velocity impact. FE models with interface elements adopting a bilinear cohesive law were first calibrated and validated by simulation of standard fracture toughness tests and then employed to model the impact response of cross-ply graphite/epoxy laminated plates.\ud \ud The developed model provided a correct simulation of the impact response of laminates in a wide range of energy values and successfully predicted size, shape and location of main damage mechanisms. The results of the analyses also pointed out the importance of employing a damage criterion capable of accounting for the constraining effect of out-of-plane compression on the initiation of the decohesion phase

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The paper demonstrates the application of cross-modulation vibro-acoustic technique for impact-damage detection in composite laminates. A composite plate is monitored for damage resulting from a low-velocity impact. The plate is excited simultaneously with two harmonic signals: a slow amplitude-modulated vibration pumping wave and a constant amplitude-probing wave. The frequency of both the excitation signals coincides with the resonances of the plate. An electromagnetic shaker is used to introduce the pumping wave to the plate. Two surface-bonded, low-profile piezoceramic transducers are used for probing-wave excitation and measurement. The wave modulation is transferred from the pumping wave to the probing wave in the presence of impact damage. This effect is exhibited in a power spectrum of the probing wave by a pattern of sidebands around the carrier harmonic. The results show that the amplitude of the sidebands is related to the severity of damage. The study also investigates also the effect of boundary conditions on the result

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