Analysis of crack front propagation in contact

Olzak, M.; Stupnicki, Jacek; Wójcik, R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1787-6_3

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In this study the differences between the ingroup attitudes of both White groups and their attitudes towards each other were not statistically significantan indication that the boundaries between the two groups might be becoming less distinctin particular in more urbanized and more affluent areas. The fact that these two groups no longer compete for political authority in South Africa and probably need to cooperate to further their common Western values could have contributed towards a decrease in their between-group boundaries ( [Olzak, 1992] and ). It could also be that a common racial identity based on Western civilizational values has become more important than their separate ethnic identities within the context of a new political dispensation ( [Huntington, 1996], [Tajfel, 1981] and [Venter, 1999]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that factors in the new dispensation are the reason for the negative attitudes of Blacks towards other groups. One explanation could be that the negative attitudes towards other groups are the consequence of enhanced Black ingroup identification as reflected in the high positive ingroup evaluations in all three studies ( [0115], [0170] and [Tajfel, 1981]) Another reason could be increased competition for economic resources and feelings of relative deprivation on an economic level due to the wealth disparities in South Africa ( [Appelgryn and Bornman, 1996], [Olzak, 1992], and [Terre Blanche, 2006]). It could furthermore be that the psychological supremacy of Whites still presents a threat to Black identity ( [Durrheim and Mtose, 2006], [Grant, 1993] and [Stephan and Stephan, 1985]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of theories that focus on group-related processes, rather than on individual dynamics, have emerged since the 1960s. The term realistic group conflict theory has been given to a set of theories that emphasize the competitive struggles between groups for various resources ( [Olzak, 1992], [0300] and ). Thus conflicting interests, and especially cases where the success of one group blocks the goal attainment of other groups as well as intergroup competition for various resources, are regarded as the main sources of intergroup conflict and tension.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework In the Study Of Race Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of intergroup attitudes in South Africa after 1994

Bornman

2011

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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In the heterogeneous South African society, race has become not only the major organizing principle, but also the primary unit of social analysis. The concept "intergroup relations" has consequently predominantly been associated with racial relations and "intergroup attitudes" with "interracial attitudes". Interest in South African race relations has furthermore been enhanced by the tumultuous struggle against apartheid. A substantive body of research acquired during apartheid indeed points to interracial tension. The advent of a new political dispensation in 1994 has been accompanied with expectations that increased intergroup contact, in particular, would result in improved interracial relations. The current study investigates intergroup attitudes after 1994. Three countrywide surveys were conducted in 1998, 2001 and 2009 using representative samples of all major racial groups. The results indicate that overall attitudes were more positive among more affluent and urbanized communities. However, there are indications of prevailing negative relations, in particular between Blacks and Afrikaans-speaking Whites. While the attitudes of Afrikaans-speaking Whites seem to have become more positive, that has not been the case to the same extent for Blacks. Blacks also appear to be less positive towards English-speaking Whites than during apartheid. Overall, the results point to more positive intergroup attitudes in some instances, but also to potential emerging points of tension. Highlights ► Three countrywide surveys on intergroup attitudes in South Africa were conducted in 1998, 2001 and 2009. ► South Africans living in urbanized and affluent areas held more positive intergroup attitudes. ► Attitudes of Afrikaans-speaking Whites towards Blacks and vice versa were noteworthy negative. ► However, attitudes of Afrikaans-speaking Whites towards Blacks became more positive since 1998. ► Attitudes of Blacks towards English-speaking Whites were not as positive as during apartheid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Framework In the Study Of Race Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of intergroup attitudes in South Africa after 1994

Bornman

2011

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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“…18 The theory suggests that these tensions are most likely to arise in jobs that are unspecialized and require either few or generally-available skills or inputs, since these are the least costly to enter. Yet even non-local minorities who do not compete, but enjoy complementarities that stem from tangible assets, such as land, machines, or other forms of physical capital, will face violence.…”

Section: Maintaining Tolerance In Other Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining peace across ethnic lines: New lessons from the past

Jha¹

2007

EPSJ

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This policy overview draws upon two studies, one theoretical and one empirical, to explore lessons from medieval Indian Ocean trade for supporting ethnic tolerance in contemporary settings. The overview begins by sketching a model of inter-ethnic trade and violence in environments where there are 'local' and 'non-local' ethnic groups. The model suggests that three conditions are necessary to support peaceful coexistence between these groups over time: Complementarities between groups, a high cost to replicate or expropriate the source of another group's complementarity, and a mechanism to share the gains from inter-group exchange. The article then describes how these conditions were satisfied among Hindu and Muslim traders in medieval Indian ports from the rise of Islam to European ascendance in the 17th century. The article characterizes the institutions that emerged to bolster religious tolerance in these towns during the medieval period and that continued to support religious tolerance two centuries after the decline of Muslim dominance in overseas trade. Finally, the article draws lessons from the theory and India's institutional legacy to understand why ethnic tolerance fails and how tolerance may be fostered in contemporary settings.

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“…For centuries, states formally excluded immigrants of particular races, ethnicities, and national origins due to perceived labour market competition (Dancygier, 2010;Olzak, 1992), cultural threat (Burns and Gimpel, 2000;Sniderman et al 2004), and the global diffusion and normalization of racist policies (FitzGerald and Cook-Mart ın, 2014). Some scholars argue that the concurrent rise of contemporary liberal principles pushed democracies to shun exclusion by ascribed status in the late twentieth century (Joppke, 2005;Zolberg, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour Market Limbo: The Uneven Integration of Co‐Ethnic Argentine Immigrants in Spain

García

2017

International Migration

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Immigration and citizenship laws that discriminate by race, ethnicity, and national origins are increasingly illegitimate in contemporary democracies, yet laws that grant privileged access and membership to immigrants who share natives' ethnicity persist. This enduring positive selection rests upon the assumption that co‐ethnicity fosters integration. Countering this logic, this article centers on co‐ethnics' insertion into local labour markets. It draws from a case study of Aguaviva, Spain, a depopulating village in which both co‐ethnic Argentines and Romanian immigrants reside. The analysis qualifies the trend of deracialization in immigration and citizenship policy and shows that positive preferences do not uniformly foster integration. In dual labour market systems, co‐ethnics struggle because they are not different enough for secondary sector jobs reserved for immigrant “others,” yet in the primary sector they enter into direct competition with natives.

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Analysis of crack front propagation in contact

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Patterns of intergroup attitudes in South Africa after 1994

Patterns of intergroup attitudes in South Africa after 1994

Maintaining peace across ethnic lines: New lessons from the past

Labour Market Limbo: The Uneven Integration of Co‐Ethnic Argentine Immigrants in Spain

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