Analysis of Contact Interactions between a Rough Deformable Colloid and a Smooth Substrate

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

“…Left: model by Rumpf [555] with a single asperity of radius r. Middle: model of Rabinovich et al [557], that considers different length scales l 1 and l 2 of the surface roughness, with radii R 1 and R 2 . Left: model by Cooper et al [558], that assumes an even distribution of asperities.…”

“…This was attributed to the deformation of the beclomethasone dipropionate and polystyrene particles. Cooper et al [558] developed a model for the adhesion of a rough particle on a smooth substrate (or vice versa), where they assumed a homogenous distribution of hemispherical asperities on a spherical particle (Fig. 25, right).…”

Applications of the Atomic Force Microscope in the Development of Propellant-based Inhalation Formulations

“…This approach takes into account various parameters such as sur face roughness, particle geometry, and elastic properties of the interacting materials 59,83) . There have been several theories that have addressed the determination of AH from CPM experiments [98][99][100] . The challenges associated with this approach include difficulties in estimating the contact geometr y, and in determining the surface roughness of the probe.…”

Layer-by-layer surface modification of polyethersulfone membranes using polyelectrolytes and AgCl/TiO 2 xerogels

“…Conventionally, an increase in surface roughness would be expected to lead to a reduction in the contact area between a foulant particle and a planar surface with which it interacts due to the presence of asperities on the surface. Several models have been proposed using some measure of surface roughness to account for the reduced contact area between a particle and a rough surface [21][22][23]. Rabinovich et al [24] calculated that a surface RMS roughness of only 1.6 nm could lead to a fivefold decrease in adhesion forces, from which a perfectly smooth surface would be expected normally.…”