Analysis of calvarial bone defects in rats using microcomputed tomography: potential for a novel composite material and a new quantitative measurement

Efeoğlu, Candan; Burke, Jan; Parsons, Andrew J.; Aitchison, G. A.; Scotchford, Colin A.; Rudd, Chris; Vikram, A.; Fisher, Susan E.

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.02.010

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Two possible mechanisms might account for this phenomenon: (1) the peak of BMP2/7‐induced de novo bone regeneration appeared earlier and was not detected in the selected time point; (2) BMP2/7 may facilitate a rapid osteoclastic activity to simultaneously re‐organizing the trabeculae (Efeoglu et al. ). Further studies need to be performed to clarify this mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a high Conn.D suggested that the BMP homodimers resulted in a dense stellate-reticulum network of newly formed trabeculae. The thereafter decrease of Conn.D may be due to the re-organization of trabecular by osteoclastic activity (Efeoglu et al 2009). Unexpectedly, although a significant increase was also detected for BMP2/7 heterodimer at 3 weeks, Conn.D in this group was significantly lower than those of BMP2 or BMP7 homodimers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low‐dose rhBMP2/7 heterodimer to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects: a micro‐CT evaluation

Wang

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2011

J Clinic Periodontology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐dose rhBMP2/7 heterodimer to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects: a micro‐CT evaluation

Wang

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2011

J Clinic Periodontology

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“…Generally, scaffolds prepared from organic biomaterials without the addition of inorganic substances are mechanically poor compared with inorganic scaffolds [28]. However, the soft scaffolds can be used to fill a non-load-bearing defect in which mechanical support is not required [29]. It would then be practically important to select the target site for using such materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Cultured with Mixed Gelatin and Chitooligosaccharide Scaffolds

Ratanavaraporn

Damrongsakkul

Kanokpanont

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

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This study investigates the effect of scaffolds prepared from gelatin (G) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The sponge scaffolds at G/COS mixing ratios of 100:0, 70:30 and 50:50 were fabricated by freeze-drying, followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The pore size of the G/COS scaffolds ranged from 70 to 105 μm. MSC cultured in the scaffolds in the osteogenic medium were differentiated into osteogenic cells for all G/COS scaffolds. Calcium nodules were homogeneously formed on the surface of scaffolds cultured with MSC. A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated the formation of hydroxyapatite spectroscopically. Among all G/COS scaffolds, the highest ALP activity and calcium content were observed for MSC cultured in the G/COS 70:30 scaffolds. The G/COS 70:30 scaffolds were then pre-cultured with MSC in the osteogenic medium for 28 days and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice to evaluate ectopic bone formation. Enhanced vascularization, cell infiltration, collagen formation and calcium deposition around the scaffolds implanted were histologically observed at 2 and 8 weeks after implantation. It was concluded that the G/COS scaffold with the mixing ratio of 70:30 was a promising organic material to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSC.

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“…A review of the literature discloses contradictory information about the appropriate size of rat calvarial defects. Some authors recommend a critical size defect (CSD) of 6 mm,41, 42 whereas others recommend a CSD of 8 mm 43–47. To reduce the number of the animals required, 6‐mm symmetric bone defects were created on the skull of each rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors recommend a critical size defect (CSD) of 6 mm, 41,42 whereas others recommend a CSD of 8 mm. [43][44][45][46][47] To reduce the number of the animals required, 6-mm symmetric bone defects were created on the skull of each rat. The deposition of new bone in the defects was evaluated after a healing period of 2 months, which has previously been shown to be an appropriate interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of endothelial cells on bone regeneration using poly(L‐lactide‐co‐1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) scaffolds

Xing

Xue

Dånmark

et al. 2010

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Our recent in vitro study demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) might influence the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe this effect in vivo, using a rat calvarial bone defect model. BMSCs were isolated from femurs of two-donor Lewis rats and expanded in α-minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. One fifth of BMSCs were induced and differentiated into ECs in an Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 and then characterized by a flow cytometry. The remaining BMSCs were cultured in freshly prepared osteogenic stimulatory medium, containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. Either BMSCs alone (BMSC-group) or co-cultured ECs/BMSCs (CO-group) were seeded into poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] scaffolds, cultured in spinner flasks, and then implanted into symmetrical calvarial defects prepared in recipient rats. The animals were sacrificed after 2 months. The formation of new bone was evaluated by radiography and histology and by the expression of osteogenic markers using reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction (RT-PCR). To investigate vessel formation, histological staining was performed with EC's markers. The radiographical and histological results showed more rapid bone formation in the CO- than in the BMSC-group. However, the expression of EC's marker was similar on both groups by histological analysis after 2 months postoperatively. Furthermore, the CO-group exhibited greater expression of osteogenic markers as demonstrated by RT-PCR. The results are consistent with the previous in vitro findings that poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffold might be suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering. In vivo, bone regeneration was enhanced by a construct of the polymer scaffold loaded with co-cultured cells.

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Analysis of calvarial bone defects in rats using microcomputed tomography: potential for a novel composite material and a new quantitative measurement

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Low‐dose rhBMP2/7 heterodimer to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects: a micro‐CT evaluation

Low‐dose rhBMP2/7 heterodimer to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects: a micro‐CT evaluation

Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Cultured with Mixed Gelatin and Chitooligosaccharide Scaffolds

Effect of endothelial cells on bone regeneration using poly(L‐lactide‐co‐1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) scaffolds

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