Heterodimeric bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were exhibited to be more potent than and thus potential substitutes for homodimeric BMPs whose clinical application is limited for the drawbacks resulted from their higher effective doses. This study aims to delineate the biofunctional characteristics of recombinant human BMP2/7 (rhBMP2/7) heterodimer in inducing osteoblastogenesis of MC3T3-E1 through in vitro time-course and dose-response studies. rhBMP2/7 heterodimer induced cell migration with a significantly lower optimal concentration and higher peak effect than the respective homodimers. rhBMP2/7 heterodimer induced cell differentiation with significantly lower threshold concentrations but similar maximum effects. On day 28, the area of calcium depositions induced by 50 ng/mL rhBMP2/7 was 12- or 38-fold more than that of 50 ng/mL rhBMP2 or 50 ng/mL rhBMP7, respectively. The results indicated that rhBMP2/7 heterodimer was an osteoblastogenesis inducer of not higher potency but lower effective concentration compared with rhBMP2 and rhBMP7 homodimers.

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Eco-industrial Parks (EIP) have become a central element in China's 13 industrial strategy to combine industrial development while minimizing environmental 14 impacts and improving resource efficiency. A national standard system has been developed as 15 a main tool for assessing EIPs. This paper provides a review of the development of China's 16 EIP standard system. The focus of the analysis is the new national demonstration EIP 17 standard (HJ/T274-2015), including a review of calculation methods for some key indicators. 18The analysis also provides a comparison with previous standards to identify the main changes 19 and improvements in the assessment of EIPs. Comparison findings illustrate that the new 20 standard provides a more consistent indicator system by providing a consolidated standard 21 system, and offering more comprehensive and quantitative indicators. Moreover, the new 22 several remaining research questions that need further exploration are put forward in this 1 study. 2

Low-dose BMP2/7 heterodimer facilitated more rapid bone regeneration in better quality in peri-implant bone defects than BMP2 and BMP7 homodimers.