Analysis of a micropolarizer array-based simultaneous phase-shifting interferometer

Abstract

Recent technological innovations have enabled the development of a new class of dynamic (vibration-insensitive) interferometer based on a CCD pixel-level phase-shifting approach. We present theoretical and experimental results for an interferometer based on this pixelated phase-shifting technique. Analyses of component errors and instrument functionality are presented. We show that the majority of error sources cause relatively small magnitude peak-to-valley errors in measurement of the order of 0.002-0.005lambda. These errors are largely mitigated by high-rate data acquisition and consequent data averaging.

Single-shot digital holography by use of the fractional Talbot effect

“…In this case, the final hologram is half the size of the previous one in each transversal dimension. We choose to use the first approach since it has been shown in other interferometry applications that it gives slightly better results than the second one [23].…”

“…To allow time-resolved measurement, several single-shot phase-shifting techniques have been introduced [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The point is the simultaneous acquisition of several interferograms at the expense of a loss in the spatial resolution.…”

Simultaneous Phase Shifting Shearing Interferometry for Measurement of Static and Dynamic Phase Objects

“…Several optical systems have been developed to retrieve the optical phase data in a single capture employing polarization, for example, through the use of micro-polarizer arrays [Novak et al,2005], a point diffraction interferometer [Neal, 2003 ], a two-beam grating interferometer [Rodriguez, 2008] and a liquid-crystal spatial modulator [Mercer and Creath, 1996], among others. These systems have been employed in several fields of application, such as optical metrology [Wyant, 2004;Cheng and Wyant, 1984], holography [Yamaguchi and Zhang, 1997;Nomura, 2006], optical tomography [Meneses, 2006], ESPI [Chen, 2010], etc.…”

The Monte Carlo method as a tool for statistical characterisation of differential and additive phase shifting algorithms

“…In many other applications of great scientific and technological interest [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] the measurand is linked to the phase sum or the phase difference between the original pattern s(r,) and another one t(r, +), that can be shifted in phase to obtain another series of patterns: (3) where in this case t p (r,, p ) is each pattern of the new series,  p is the phase step between irradiance values and the coefficients b g weight the harmonic contribution. So, 2+ or  can be retrieved with a duplication of the evaluation and unwrapping processes [13] and with a posterior sum or difference of the obtained phases, employing for the phase calculation of the modified pattern a similar expression to (2) (4) being N 2 {t p (r,, p )} and D 2 {t p (r,, p )} combinations of the shifted modified patterns. However, it is possible to obtain directly 2+ and  phase values making use of the so-called twostage phase shifting algorithms (TSPSAs).…”