Analysis and Review of Chemical Reactions and Transport Processes in Pulsed Electrical Discharge Plasma Formed Directly in Liquid Water

Locke, Bruce R.; Thagard, Selma Mededovic

doi:10.1007/s11090-012-9403-y

Cited by 184 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…2H 2 (g) þ O 2 (g)) 28 and electron impact dissociation of water molecules (e þ H 2 O ! e þ H þ OH) 29 occurred, which led to the formation of a larger mass of H 2 . Note that these phenomena could also explain the difference in the bubble generation energy efficiencies because they represent the sources of energy dissipation specific to the spark case.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for hydrogen generation in laser- or spark-induced cavitation bubbles

Sato

Tinguely

Oizumi³

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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Analysis of spatially resolved Z-pinch spectra to investigate the nature of "bright spots" Phys. Plasmas 20, 022707 (2013) Two-dimensional space-resolved emission spectroscopy of laser ablation plasma in water J. Appl. Phys. 113, 053302 (2013) Direct evidence of mismatching effect on H emission in laser-induced atmospheric helium gas plasma J. Appl. Phys. 113, 053301 (2013) "Water window" sources: Selection based on the interplay of spectral properties and multilayer reflection bandwidth Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 041117 (2013) Additional information on Appl. Phys. Lett.

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Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for hydrogen generation in laser- or spark-induced cavitation bubbles

Sato

Tinguely

Oizumi³

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…This is because higher energy is needed for the electrical discharge to happen in liquid than that in a gas phase; at the same time, water is denser and highly polar with specific conductivity than gases. Furthermore, much of the energy is consumed during mechanical and thermal heating processes (Locke and Thagard 2012). Also, direct discharge in bubbles inside liquid water is also more active and efficient than direct liquid spark or even corona discharge.…”

Section: Electrohydraulic Discharge Treatment In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Combined Advanced Oxidation Technologies for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water

Tijani

Fatoba

Madzivire

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

204

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Water pollution through natural and anthropogenic activities has become a global problem causing short-and long-term impact on human and ecosystems. Substantial quantity of individual or mixtures of organic pollutants enter the surface water via point and nonpoint sources and thus affect the quality of freshwater. These pollutants are known to be toxic and difficult to remove by mere biological treatment. To date, most researches on the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater were based on the exploitation of individual treatment process. This single-treatment technology has inherent challenges and shortcomings with respect to efficiency and economics. Thus, application of two advanced treatment technologies characterized with high efficiency with respect to removal of primary and disinfection byproducts in wastewater is desirable. This review article focuses on the application of integrated technologies such as electrohydraulic discharge with heterogeneous photocatalysts or sonophotocatalysis to remove target pollutants. The information gathered from more than 100 published articles, mostly laboratories studies, shows that process integration effectively remove and degrade recalcitrant toxic contaminants in wastewater better than singletechnology processing. This review recommends an improvement on this technology (integrated electrohydraulic discharge with heterogeneous photocatalysts) viz-a-vis cost reduction in order to make it accessible and available in the rural and semi-urban settlement. Further recommendation includes development of an economic model to establish the cost implications of the combined technology. Proper monitoring, enforcement of the existing environmental regulations, and upgrading of current wastewater treatment plants with additional treatment steps such as photocatalysis and ozonation will greatly assist in the removal of environmental toxicants.

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“…Of course, in atmospheric plasmas and plasma jets, electron temperature is lower than 5-10 eV [16], but the electron temperature of plasmas generated in water tends to be higher than that of atmospheric plasmas [17]. We assume the median value for an electron temperature of 7.5 eV to correspond to about 350 Td as a reduced electric field, as seen in Fig.…”

Section: B Estimation Of Voltage In Electrical Power Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Water Plasma Generation on a Liquid Wall Using a Compact Device and Dedicated Power Supply

Imai

Kumagai

Iwata

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Plasmas that are generated on and in liquids are generally the subject of pure research at universities; however, they have considerable practical potential for use in material processing, water purification, and sterilization. Their chief drawback is that they require a large device to generate in-water plasmas and a bulky power supply. If the device size and the volume of the power supply could be reduced, it might be possible to realize water sterilization in home electric appliances, such as washing machines. We have developed a compact device with a unique structure and a dedicated power supply that provides high voltage at high frequencies for generating in-water plasmas. Our dedicated power supply occupies one-sixth of the volume of comparable types. The device can generate in-water plasmas in an air stream using ambient air introduced from outside using a pump. Hydroxyl (OH) radicals in in-water plasmas were detected by optical emission spectroscopy, and their spatial distribution was observed in the air steam using an intensified charge-coupled device camera and a bandpass filter of 309 nm. Hydroxyl radicals in water were detected as 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO)-OH signals using electron spin resonance spin trapping, both before adding DMPO to water and after doping the plasma-treated water with DMPO. It was found that OH radicals were generated in in-water plasmas and persisted in plasma-treated water. Using the detection of DMPO-OH signals employing the postdoped method, OH radicals were measured at 0.86 nmol/cc; they remained in the water for a long time after turning OFF the power supply. Finally, we demonstrated the decomposition rate of indigo carmine using our device and power supply to be about 13-fold that of the comparable device, despite its consuming about one-seventh of the input power. Hydroxyl radicals have high oxidation potential, so in-water plasmas as a source of radicals may be applicable to water sterilization in home electric appliances.

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Analysis and Review of Chemical Reactions and Transport Processes in Pulsed Electrical Discharge Plasma Formed Directly in Liquid Water

Cited by 184 publications

References 175 publications

Evidence for hydrogen generation in laser- or spark-induced cavitation bubbles

Evidence for hydrogen generation in laser- or spark-induced cavitation bubbles

A Review of Combined Advanced Oxidation Technologies for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water

In-Water Plasma Generation on a Liquid Wall Using a Compact Device and Dedicated Power Supply

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