Analysis and Numerical Simulations of the Saharan Air Layer and Its Effect on Easterly Wave Disturbances

Karyampudi, V. Mohan; Carlson, Toby N.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<3102:aansot>2.0.co;2

Cited by 226 publications

(201 citation statements)

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“…Individual wave patterns associated to the 6-9-day signal, with large anticyclonic circulations north of the jet, have already been pointed out (see for instance Karyampudi andCarlson 1988, Ross 1990). However we show here that this synoptic pattern corresponds to a statistical and meteorological regime eharacterLzed by a periodicity different from the well-known 3-5-day easterly waves and more intermittent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of two regimes of easterly waves over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic

Diedhiou

Janicot

Viltard

et al. 1998

Geophysical Research Letters

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of two regimes of easterly waves over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic

Diedhiou

Janicot

Viltard

et al. 1998

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Moreover, when Saharan dust is transported beyond the Sahara, and particularly in the summertime, it typically rises over the cooler and moist air encountered near the surface and forms an elevated layer (Reid et al, 2002;F07). Over the Atlantic this layer has been termed the Saharan air layer [(SAL); Karyampudi and Carlson, 1988].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical redistribution of dust and the thermodynamic structure of the West Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during summer

Cuesta

Marsham

Parker

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Science Letters

132

141

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The Saharan atmospheric boundary layer (SABL) plays a significant role in the atmospheric global circulation and directly affects the vertical redistribution of dust originated in the Sahara, the world's largest dust source. Recent measurements have revealed a variety of new dynamical mechanisms that control the structure of the SABL, which are responsible for exchange between the Saharan convective and residual boundary layers. Using new spaceborne laser remote sensing data (CALIPSO) and recently published results, we provide an overview of the following known dynamical mechanisms: diurnal vertical mixing, dynamical lifting (density currents and cold air outbreaks) and topographic effects (mountains and albedo anomalies).

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“…These conditions always occurred following passage of thunderstorms, as would be expected of dust pulses preceded by easterly wave disturbances [Karyampudi and Carlson, 1988] and suppressed convection due to the warm Saharan air [Carlson and Prospero, 1972].…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Columnar aerosol single‐scattering albedo and phase function retrieved from sky radiance over the ocean: Measurements of Saharan dust

2003

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[1] The single-scattering albedo and phase function of African mineral dust are retrieved at 14 wavelengths across the visible spectrum from ground-based measurements of the aerosol optical thickness and the sky radiance taken in the solar principal plane. The retrieval algorithm employs the radiative transfer equation to solve by iteration for these properties that best reproduce the observed sky radiance, and is therefore independent of particle shape. The estimated error in the retrieved single-scattering albedo is less than 0.02 due to the precision of the solar-reflectance-based calibration of the radiometer. The phase function retrieved at 860 nm is robust under simulations of expected experimental errors and may be used to characterize aerosol scattering at the directly measured scattering angles (i.e., Â 155°). The phase function retrieved at 443 nm, however, is too sensitive to such errors to confidently describe the angular scattering at blue wavelengths. The single-scattering albedo displays a spectral shape expected of iron-bearing minerals but is much higher than climate models have assumed, indicating that wind-blown mineral dust cools Earth more than is generally believed. The method may be applied to any combination of airborne and ground-based measurements over the ocean and can complement more involved ground-based retrievals through its insensitivity to particle shape and ability to retrieve aerosol properties at relatively small aerosol optical depths.INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 1640 Global Change: Remote sensing; 1694 Global Change: Instruments and techniques; 4275 Oceanography: General: Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes (0689); KEYWORDS: aerosol, mineral dust, absorption, sky radiance, scattering, optical properties Citation: Cattrall, C., K. L. Carder, and H. R. Gordon, Columnar aerosol single-scattering albedo and phase function retrieved from sky radiance over the ocean: Measurements of Saharan dust,

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Analysis and Numerical Simulations of the Saharan Air Layer and Its Effect on Easterly Wave Disturbances

Cited by 226 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence of two regimes of easterly waves over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic

Evidence of two regimes of easterly waves over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic

Dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical redistribution of dust and the thermodynamic structure of the West Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during summer

Columnar aerosol single‐scattering albedo and phase function retrieved from sky radiance over the ocean: Measurements of Saharan dust

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