Analysis and evaluation of trans,trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for benzene exposure

Monitoring Low Benzene Exposure: Comparative Evaluation of Urinary Biomarkers, Influence of Cigarette Smoking, and Genetic Polymorphisms

“…Considering urinary t,t-MA as a biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene, we found that in the different job titles there were no differences related to personal exposure or correlation with airborne benzene (Tables 2 and 3). This finding is consistent with previous studies, as reviewed by Scherer et al (39) and Dor et al (40). Moreover, recent publications on traffic policemen, gas station attendants, and bus drivers confirmed the lack of differences between workers and the general population in t,t-MA excretion (13,28,30).…”

A note on myeloperoxidation index and its correlation to the biomarker, urine trans, trans-muconic acid level, in the subjects occupationally exposed to benzene

“…3 The potential metabolic mechanisms underlying the hemopoietic toxicity of benzene include bioactivation of phenolic metabolites of benzene by myeloperoxidases in the bone marrow and ring opening reactions to generate muconate derivatives. 4 This study is aimed at the knowledge on the correlation between the urine trans, trans-muconic acid (tt-MA), a novel biomarker for accumulated uptake of benzene, 5 and myelopeozidase index (MPXI) in the subjects occupationally exposed to benzene.…”

Trans,trans-muconic acid in urine samples collected in three periods from benzene handling workers in a Brazilian refinery

“…Thus, measurement of ttMA allows risk evaluation of benzene exposure, despite its nonspecificity (Scherer et al, 1998;Ducos et al, 1990). Studies performed on workers exposed to benzene showed that there is a close correlation between urinary ttMA concentrations and air benzene levels above 0.5 ppm (Lee et al, 1993).…”