Analog CMOS Readout Channel for Time and Amplitude Measurements With Radiation Sensitivity Analysis for Gain-Boosting Amplifiers

Abstract

The front-end readout channel consists of a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) and two different unipolar-shaping circuits to generate pulses suitable for time and energy measurement. The signal processing chain of the single channel is built of two different parallel processing paths: a fast path with a peaking time of 30 ns to obtain the time of arrival for each particle impinging the detector; and a slow path with a peaking time of 400 ns dedicated for low noise amplitude measurements, which is formed by a pole-zero cancellation circuit and a 4th order complex shaper based on a bridged-T architecture. The tunability of the system is accomplished by the discharge time constant of the CSA in order to accommodate various event rates. The readout system has been implemented in a 180 nm CMOS technology with the size of 525 µm x 290 µm. The building blocks use compact gain-boosting techniques based on quasi-floating gate (QFG) transistors achieving accurate energy measurement with good resolution. The high impedance nodes of QFG transistors require a detailed study of sensitivity to single-effect transients (SET). After carrying out this study, this paper proposes a method to select the value of the QFG capacitors, minimizing the area occupancy while maintaining robustness to radiation. The nonlinearity of the CSA-slow-shaper has been found to be less than 1% over a 10-70 fC input charge. The power dissipation of the readout channel is 4.1 mW with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.

A class-AB linear transconductor with enhanced linearity

“…The Gm-cell, or linear transconductor [1], is a basic building block with applications in many analog circuits, such as Gm-C filters [2]- [3], current-mode filters [4], and variable-gain amplifiers [5]- [7]. The linearity of the Gm-cell is critical for performance, also due to its use in open-loop configurations, which cannot exploit feedback to reduce distortions.…”