Analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies of cyclopeptide alkaloid fraction of leaves of Ziziyphus nummularia

Abstract

Ziziyphus nummularia (family: Rhamnaceae) is a thorny small bush, grows in abundance in the grazing lands of the arid areas of Rajasthan, India. It is an important ethnomedicinal plant of the Thar Desert; local inhabitants use every part of the plant as medicine. Kernels are prescribed in pregnancy as soporific, antiemetic and for relieving abdominal pain. The insect gall is powered and given orally with water to cure bone fracture. Crushed root is applied on the paining shoulder of the bullock. The decoction of leaves is used for the treatment of cough and cold; leaves are also regarded as diaphoretic and prescribed in typhoid. Paste of leaves is used for healing of cuts, boils and cutaneous disease. It is widely used in pain and inflammatory conditions. Z. nummularia contains a unique group of alkaloids known as cyclopeptide alkaloids, in continuation of our work carried out on the leaves of Z. nummularia , present study was initiated to explore antiinflammatory and analgesic potential of cyclopeptide alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Z. nummularia (IFZN). Anti-inflammatory activity was tested against rat paw oedema, mouse peritonitis and cotton pellet granuloma. For screening of analgesic activity, acetic acid induced writhing, tail flick and hot plate test were performed. IFZN 30 mg/kg shows the anti-oedematogenic effect against paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, serotonin and histamine; IFZN 20 and 30 mg/kg were found to have highly significant anti-nociceptive effects. Result of pharmacological studies indicated that IFZN is a potent and efficacious analgesic agent. The analgesic activity of IFZN is mediated by the peripheral as well as central pathways.

Toxicity Assessment and Evaluation of Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities on Cordia obliqua Leaf Methanol Extract

“…17,18 The two models of thermal nociception, hot plate and tail flick method were used to evaluate the central analgesic activity of COME. 6 In hot plate method the two-dose level (medium and high) of COME showed highly significant analgesic effect after 90 min of administration. In tail flick method, only significant analgesic effect was observed with high dose level of COME after 90 min of administration.…”

“…These both methods determine central analgesic effect of drug. 6 In both methods, Animals were divided in five groups of six animals in each, one control group, one standard group and three groups for three dose levels of leaf methanol extract-low dose (125mg/kg BW), Medium dose (250mg/kg BW) and high dose (500mg/Kg BW) per oral.…”

Formulation Development of Mouth Dissolving Film of Etoricoxib for Pain Management

“…The animals were used after an acclimatization period of 7 days to the laboratory environment. Each rat was conditioned for 30 min in the restrainer before starting the experiment [22].…”

Phytochemical and Antinociceptive, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Studies of Smilax larvata (Smilacaceae)

“…At the next set of in vivo experiments, we aimed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of SLG since pain is a frequent symptom of the inflammatory process and drugs with anti-inflammatory effect very often present also analgesic properties [42]. Firstly, we tested the effect of SLG in the formalin test, since this test has been described as a useful tool for initial screening of drugs with both anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties [26].…”