“…There is no justification for the absence of analgesia in those animals undergoing invasive experimental surgery. 27 Scientists are accountable for providing high-quality care to laboratory animals, such as easy access to water and a nutritious diet; prevention of and relief from pain, injury and disease; and appropriate housing for the species. 28 Conducting research is not permitted in cases where the damage to the animal is greater than the gain in knowledge, since no scientific advance can be justified based on the suffering of other living beings.…”