In the UK, on-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) can deliver renewable energy, improved management of farm wastes and the production of fertiliser, offering cost-savings, environmental improvements and potentially revenue generation, yet on-farm uptake of AD remains very limited. The research reported here provides an in-depth exploration, in the UK's East Midlands region, of the factors behind this limited uptake. We also analyze factors that will help to increase uptake. Data collection has been undertaken in three stages -a