An ultrasensitive electrochemical cytosensor for highly specific detection of HL-60 cancer cells based on metal ion functionalized titanium phosphate nanospheres

Abstract

Facile and sensitive detection methods of cancer cells in the early stage are beneficial for monitoring cancers and treating patients in time to reduce the death rate. In this work, an ultrasensitive cytosensor was constructed using aptamers as cell capturers and metal ion-exchanged titanium phosphate nanospheres as electrochemical probes. KH1C12 can specifically recognize HL-60 cells and distinguish them from other cell lines, K562 and CCRF-CEM, to obtain high selectivity. Cadmium ion functionalized titanium phosphate nanospheres show large quantities of electroactive cadmium ion output and a highly sensitive electrochemical signal. This proposed cytosensor showed a wide dynamic linear range from 102 cells per mL to 107 cells per mL with a low detection limit of 35 cells per mL, providing a new, simple and ultrasensitive platform for cancer diagnosis in biomedical and clinical research.

Recent Development of Nanomaterials-Based Cytosensors for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells

“…FA-labeled CdSe/ZnS QDs were utilized to detect KB cells with over-expressed FRs [199]. Moreover, electroactive Cd 2+ -exchanged titanium phosphate nanospheres (TiP NSs) were synthesized and used to detect HL-60 cells [200]. Large quantities of Cd 2+ in TiP NSs could directly produce a well-defined and sharp peak via in situ redox reaction without acid-dissolution.…”

Perspectives for Single-Atom Nanozymes: Advanced Synthesis, Functional Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications

“…Nanozyme-based biosensors have been successfully designed to detect metal ions (such as Cu 2+ , Ag + , Hg 2+ ), − small molecules (such as H 2 O 2 , , glucose − ), proteins, − nucleic acid, etc. In this section, we will discuss several types of redox enzymes mimicked by SANs, including peroxidase, oxidase, and antioxidase.…”

Multifunctional titanium phosphate nanoparticles for site-specific drug delivery and real-time therapeutic efficacy evaluation

“…21 Our group reported an ultrasensitive cytosensor for HL-60 cell detection using KH1C12 modified and Cd 2+ incorporated titanium phosphate nanospheres. 22 However, titanium phosphate nanospheres as a drug delivery system have still not been well developed. In the past, a lot of research studies about drug delivery systems focused on the development of a triggered “gate” to control the sustained drug release via stimuli such as pH, enzyme, light, temperature, microRNA and so on.…”