Abstract. This paper presents a low power 2.4-GHz fully integrated 1 MHz resolution IEEE 802.15.4 frequency synthesizer designed using 0.18um CMOS technology. An integer-N fully programmable divider employs a novel Truesingle-phase-clock (TSPC) 47/48 prescaler and a 6 bit P and S counters to provide the 1 MHz output with nearly 45% duty cycle. The PLL uses a series quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (S-QVCO) to generate quadrature signals. The PLL consumes 3.6 mW of power at 1.8 V supply with the fully programmable divider consuming only 600 uW. The S-QVCO consumes 2.8 mW of power with a phase noise of -122dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.
IntroductionMost of the wireless communication standards prior to IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee were tailored towards high data rate and multimedia friendly applications. The need for low data rate and low power wireless solutions with emphasis on sensor network applications resulted in the development of IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The recent development and advanced scaling CMOS technologies have made it more attractive to implement a single chip CMOS wireless transceiver featuring both high level of integration and low power consumption [1]. The higher power consumption in the frequency synthesizer is mainly due to the VCO and the first stage divider which is driven by the VCO. The 2.4 GHz synthesizer reported in [2] with a frequency resolution of 5 MHz consumes a power of 7.85 mW at 1.8 V power supply in 0.18 um CMOS technology. Here, the first stage divider is designed using current-mode logic (CML) [6] which consumes a large amount of power. The synthesizer reported in [3] consumes 2.4 mW at 1.2 V supply in 0.13 um CMOS technology. It uses a 16/17 dynamic logic prescaler as first stage divider which consumes only 176 uA at 2.5 GHz and the complete divider is designed with 5