An overview of general features of risk assessments of genetically modified crops

Transgenic Insecticidal Crops and Natural Enemies: A Detailed Review of Laboratory Studies

“…Bt crops may have direct and indirect effects on non-target organisms (Lovei et al 2009;Naranjo, 2009). Direct effects may occur by ingestion of plant tissues by non-target organisms, whereas indirect effects may occur through multi-trophic interactions (various interrelationships that occur between organisms that are present in the environment) (Craig et al 2008). However, similar to our findings, Pratissoli et al (2006) reported that providing Bt suspensions as a food source to adult Trichogramma pratissoli Querino & Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) had no effect on parasitism, although an indirect effect on offspring emergence was observed with some treatments of different isolates of Bt.…”

Introduction

“…In the five accompanying papers an overview of general features of risk assessment of genetically modified crops (Craig et al 2008) and how the legal and conceptional framework for the implementation of monitoring can be assessed (Züghart et al 2008) are presented. Furthermore, three practical examples which deal with research and field monitoring on transgenic maize (Hoisington and Ortiz 2008), biosafety implications for deployment of GM potatoes (Scurrah et al 2008) as well as identifying indicator species for post-release monitoring of genetically modified, herbicide resistant crops (Hilbeck et al 2008) are presented.…”

Key elements in a strategic approach to capacity building in the biosafety of genetically modified organisms

“…This is principally due to the fact that expertise in a number of scientific, technical and legal disciplines is needed (Craig et al, 2008(Craig et al, , 2010, and it is highly unlikely that one capacity builder alone can provide all the necessary support. However, capacity building can be "casespecific" and can also take different forms depending on the objectives of the initiative, the expertise of the team members and the characteristics of the target (beneficiary).…”