An outbreak of acute norovirus gastroenteritis in a boarding school in Zamora, Spain

Albert-Hernández, Míriam; Martínez-Pino, Isabel; Antón-Rueda, Juan Emilio; Brezmes-Valdivieso, M. Fé

doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.019

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Norovirus is highly infectious with very low infective dose, such as 10 to 1000 viral particles, and it can be transmitted through several routes, such as contact with contaminants, consumption of contaminated food or water, person-to-person transmission via the fecal-oral route, and a particular form of airborne transmission [6,7,8]. Therefore, it has a strong power to trigger epidemic outbreaks in semi-closed and closed settings, such as hospital, nursing home, cafeteria, school, and cruise ship [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. On cruise ships, there are the several suitable conditions for the norovirus outbreaks, such as common food and drinks and high population density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norovirus Genogroup II Attributed to Contaminated Cold Dishes on a Cruise Ship in Chongqing, China, 2017

Xiang²,

Xiong³

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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In April 2017, several travelers with acute gastroenteritis on a cruise ship were reported. We conducted an investigation to identify the pathogen, mode of transmission, and risk factors. We searched and classified case-patient according to structured case definition, and collect date of the onset, clinical manifestations, and demographic information of cases. A case-control study was implemented to compare foods consumption between cases and asymptomatic travelers. Samples such as feces, rectal swab, vomitus, and environment swab were collected for testing. The attack rate was 18.2% (101/555), four cold dishes served on 11th, April were independently associated with an increased risk of disease: cold potherb (odds ratio (OR): 14.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2–93.3) and cold garlic sprout (OR: 26.1; 95% CI: 4.9–138.0) served at lunch, cold broad bean (OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.3–26.2), and cold cucumber (OR: 13.9; 95% CI: 2.3–84.2) served at dinner. A total of 15 samples were positive for norovirus genogroup II (GII) by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This outbreak that occurred on the cruise ship was caused by norovirus GII. The evidence indicated that norovirus was mainly transmitted through consumption of cold dishes on 11th, April, which might be contaminated by asymptomatic cold dish cook.

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