Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norovirus Genogroup II Attributed to Contaminated Cold Dishes on a Cruise Ship in Chongqing, China, 2017

Li, Qi; Xiang, Xinzhi; Xiong, Ying; Ling, Hua; Shen, Huangcheng; Deng, Wenwen; Tang, Wenge; Shen, Tao; Qin, Li

doi:10.3390/ijerph15122823

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The current study obtained, more infections were noticed among males 7(53.8%) than females 6(46.2%) Table (3-3). This results are in agreement with the finding done by Dirraa (2019), Thiwany and Hassan (2015) in Iraq and that of ( Qi et al, 2017 )in China. In any case, in correlation with the review done by Hussein et al, in (2018), concerning the sex, a review uncovered countless guys patients than females patients in Diyala additionally with other review done by Gentile et al, in (2018) in Argentina who recorded (59%) among guys.…”

Section: Norovirus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Molecular detection of norovirus and TNF-α polymorphism in children with acute gastroenteritis infection in Samawa, Iraq

Hassan

AL-Lebawy

2022

ijhs

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Human Norovirus is the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and research into it is critical for outbreak prevention and infection control. The multiplex real time PCR technique was evaluated in this study using 100 specimens (stool and blood) collected from children in Al-Muthanna province. RT-Qpcr for NVGI and NVGII was used to test all samples for Norovirus. The overall incidence rate of human Norovirus infection was 26%, with the first genogroup G1 accounting for only one case (2%) and the second genogroup accounting for 12 cases (24%). The findings revealed a high prevalence of previous virus infection in the age group (1-10) months. Infections occurred equally among males and females, with no significant difference in infection rates; females were infected at a rate of 42%, while males were infected at a rate of 58%. Males were infected at a higher rate (53.8%) than females (46.2%). The results of Tetra ARMS -PCR after DNA extraction for patients and amplification using the previous method show that there are three genotypes for G/G among patients compared to two results for A/A in the control groups. As a result, association and both homozygous as risk factors for HNV infection development.

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Section: Norovirus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Molecular detection of norovirus and TNF-α polymorphism in children with acute gastroenteritis infection in Samawa, Iraq

Hassan

AL-Lebawy

2022

ijhs

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“…In the past, several outbreaks of infectious diseases were reported on ships particularly referring to norovirus-associated gastrointestinal diseases e.g., [9][10][11][12][13][14] or respiratory diseases like Influenza A or B, e.g., [15][16][17][18][19]. There are also scientific publications available regarding vaccine-preventable viral diseases, such as measles, chickenpox or rubella [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review on Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on Cruise, Navy and Cargo Ships

Kordsmeyer

Mojtahedzadeh

Heidrich

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The confined environment of a ship promotes the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to close contact among the population on board. The study aims to provide an overview of outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on board of cruise, navy or cargo ships, to identify relevant outbreak management techniques, related problems and to derive recommendations for prevention. Four databases were searched. The study selection included reports about seroprevalences or clinically/laboratory confirmed infections of SARS-CoV-2 on board ships between the first of January, 2020 and the end of July, 2020. A total of 37 studies were included of whom 33 reported outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on cruise ships (27 studies referred to the Diamond Princess). Two studies considered outbreaks on the Grand Princess, three studies informed about Nile River cruises and one study about the MS Westerdam (mention of multiple outbreaks possible in one study). Additionally, three studies reported outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on navy vessels and one study referred to a cargo ship. Problems in handling outbreaks resulted from a high number of asymptomatic infections, transportation issues, challenges in communication or limited access to health care. Responsible operators need to implement infection control measures which should be described in outbreak management plans for ships to prevent transmission risks, including, e.g., education, testing strategies, communication lines, social distancing and hygiene regulations.

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“…One study included both types of study design [ 32 ]. Moreover, one case–control study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that consumption of suspected food items in a specific ship kitchen was the source of the outbreak [ 27 ]. Behavioural risk factors among travellers were investigated in three of the 13 published studies [ 13 , 21 , 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on preventing and controlling norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships, 1990 to 2020: calling for behaviour change strategies of travellers

Mouchtouri,

Simou,

Soteriades

et al. 2024

Eurosurveillance

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Background Outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis aboard cruise ships may affect a large number of people, debilitate vulnerable travellers, disrupt vacations and cause economic losses to the cruise ship industry. Aim We aimed to identify risk factors for norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships and assess the effectiveness of prevention and control measures. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review searching PubMed and Scopus databases as well as grey literature for articles and reports describing norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships between 1990 and 2020. We also performed a meta-analysis of norovirus prevalence in passengers and crew members. Results Data from 45 outbreaks on 26 cruise ships from 1990 to 2020 were identified in 13 articles and five reports, with a weighted average of prevalence (attack rate) for passengers of 7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.00–9.00) and for crew of 2% (95% CI: 0.00–3.00). Person-to-person was the most frequent mode of transmission in 35 of the 45 outbreaks (in 14 the only mode and in 21 as part of multiple transmission routes). Having an ill cabin mate (OR = 38.70; 95% CI: 13.51–110.86) was the most common risk factor. Six outbreak investigations reported poor hygiene, while four reported satisfactory hygiene in the cruise setting. Behavioural risk factors among travellers were investigated in three of the 13 studies. Conclusions The findings indicate a need for behavioural interventions to improve personal hygiene, symptom reporting and compliance with isolation measures, and for reconsidering current isolation policies where symptomatic and healthy individuals are isolated in the same cabin.

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Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norovirus Genogroup II Attributed to Contaminated Cold Dishes on a Cruise Ship in Chongqing, China, 2017

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular detection of norovirus and TNF-α polymorphism in children with acute gastroenteritis infection in Samawa, Iraq

Molecular detection of norovirus and TNF-α polymorphism in children with acute gastroenteritis infection in Samawa, Iraq

Systematic Review on Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on Cruise, Navy and Cargo Ships

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on preventing and controlling norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships, 1990 to 2020: calling for behaviour change strategies of travellers

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