An outbreak of a mixed infection of Dermatophilus congolensis and Microsporum gypseum in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia

Gitao, C G; Agab, H.; Aj, Khalifalla

doi:10.20506/rst.17.3.1135

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…congolensis infection is reported as one of the conditions that impede camel production in the Kenya, Sudan, and Saudi Arabia (Gitao et al 1998a). In Saudi Arabia, mixed infection involving D. congolensis and Microsporum gypseum have been found in 48 camels which had discrete circumscribed lesions (Gitao et al 1998b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Khodakaram-Tafti

Khordadmehr

Ardiyan

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Gross and histopathologic lesions of the integumentary system were studied in 103 camels (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in Yazd Province of Iran. Dermatophilosis was diagnosed in 14 (13.6%) of the studied camels. Grossly, patchy thickening of the skin with dark brown scabs or crusts were observed on the rump, flanks, abdomen, shoulders, and neck. A heavy infestation with brown hard ticks was present on the lesions in almost all of the affected camels. On parasitology examination, all the ticks were identified as Hyalomma spp. Histopathologic examination of the affected skins revealed prominent superficial thickening of the epidermis as orthokeratotic and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, degenerating neutrophils, serous fluid, and bacterial filaments. A lot of keratinaceous debris associated with an exudate rich in neutrophils were seen as remarkable features of the lesions on the superficial epidermis. Dermal inflammation was mild with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, particularly lymphocytes, around superficial vessels. A Gram-positive filamentous organism which was divided into parallel rows of cocci was observed in the crusts by Brown and Brenn Gram stain. This is the first report of the occurrence of dermatophilosis in the camels of Iran. With regard to infestation of the lesions by Hyalomma spp., it seems that this tick may have an important role in the pathogenesis of dermatophilosis in the camels of this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Khodakaram-Tafti

Khordadmehr

Ardiyan

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…When the necrotic material is detached, a whitish-pink, hyperemic wound surface of variable size will appear. Clinical cases of mixed infection of dermatophilosis with caseous lymphadenitis or ringworm due to Microsporum gypseum have been recorded in camels [12]. Secondary bacterial complication to dermatophilosis has also been recorded in camels [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most affected domestic animals are cattle [5], camels [6,7], horses [8], sheep [9], goats [10], occasionally cats [11], and other species [4]. In camels, a mixed infection of D. congolensis and Microsporum gypseum has been reported [12]. Experimental infection with D. congolensis isolated from cattle has been described in camels, cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys, and rabbits [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis mixed infection in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Jordan

Tarazi

Al-Ani

2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: This study describes and reports, for the first time, an outbreak of dermatophilosis that occurred concurrently with caseous lymphadenitis involving two camel herds (Camelus dromedaries) in north Jordan. Methodology: The affected animals were part of two herds comprising 52 Arabian camels in herd 1 and 65 camels in herd 2. The age of infected camels ranged from 18 months to 5 years. Pus and skin scab samples were aseptically collected and bacteriologically examined. Affected camels were treated by long-acting oxytetracycline injection in a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours for three successive treatments, and local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray treatment for five successive days. Results: The main clinical signs on affected camels were skin dermatitis and abscess formation. The isolated organisms were Dermatophilus congolensis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were the causative agents of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis, respectively. Other organisms were isolated from skin abscesses, including α-hemolytic streptococci, hemolytic E. coli, Actinomyces pyogenes, and S. aureus. The affected camels were rapidly and effectively cured by the above-mentioned treatment protocol. No mortality was recorded. Conclusions: Introducing purchased camels from animal auctions without pre-examination and keeping camels in over-crowded small barns under cold, humid, and rainy conditions during winter may predispose the eruption of mixed infection of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis. Treatment by long-acting oxytetracycline injection with local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray can control such infection. A survey on camel herds raised near Jordan's borders is needed to monitor the possibility of emerging infectious disease.

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“…Some authors consider it to be the most frequent dermatophytosis causal agent in rabbits (18). It is referred to as responsible for a number of dermatophytosis cases in cats (16), in interspecies outbreaks involving cats and humans (5), and even described in clinical findings of infection associated with Dermatophilus congolensis in Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) (14) and Malassezia pachydermatis in dogs (34). In Brazil, there are two cases of dermatophytosis by M. gypseum involving a gray wolf cub (Canis lupus) and a camel (Camelus bactrianus) (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Microsporum gypseum from the haircoat of health wild felids kept in captivity in Brazil

Bentubo¹,

Fedullo²,

Corrêa³

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Dermatophytes are fungi that cause superficial mycoses in animals and humans. While studies have shown that domestic cats (Felis catus) are often asymptomatic carriers of dermatophytes, and thus a significant source of infection, this aspect has not been studied in relation to their wild relatives. The present study was aimed at determining the presence of dermatophytes on the haircoat of healthy wild felids, kept in captivity at "Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo". Samples were taken from 130 adult animals of both sexes: 25 lions (Panthera leo), 12 tigers (Panthera tigris), 6 jaguars (Panthera onca), 4 leopards (Panthera pardus), 2 snow leopards (Panthera uncia), 2 pumas (Puma concolor), 2 cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), 1 ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), 28 tiger cats (Leopardus tigrinus), 10 margays (Leopardus wiedii), 8 geoffroy's cats (Leopardus geoffroyi), 22 jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) and 8 pampas cats (Oncifelis colocolo). The samples were obtained by rubbing the haircoat of the animals with squares of sterile carpet, and then seeded onto Petri dishes containing Mycobiotic agar (Difco™). The plates were incubated at 25°C for 4 weeks. The isolates were subcultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (100mg/L) and cultured on slides for posterior identification by their macro-and microscopic characteristics. Microsporum gypseum was isolated from two apparently healthy lionesses (1.6%), both kept in terrariums. The most prevalent contaminants were of the genera Penicillium (27.9%); Cladosporium (24.5%); Acremonium (12.1%); Scopulariopsis and Chrysosporium (9.8%); and Aspergillus (5.3%). The occurrence of dermatophytes in the haircoat of healthy wild felids, maintained in captivity, confirms their status as asymptomatic carriers and characterizes them as sources of infection for other animals and for humans.

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An outbreak of a mixed infection of Dermatophilus congolensis and Microsporum gypseum in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

An outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis mixed infection in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Jordan

Isolation of Microsporum gypseum from the haircoat of health wild felids kept in captivity in Brazil

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