Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Khodakaram-Tafti, Azizollah; Khordadmehr, Monireh; Ardiyan, Mahmoud

doi:10.1007/s11250-011-9901-6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This variation is due to the result of the wide use of ox tetracycline drugs among camel herds and also may be from different climates according to the duration of the study. Macroscopically and microscopically characterization for Dermatophilus congolensis in this study was in full agreement with other results discovered others researchers [16,17,18] . The study revealed higher significant different effect of sex on prevalence of Dermatophillosis; the incidence rate was more infected in males than females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…D. congolensis was first described in domestic cattle in Zaire, Africa in 1910 [15] This present study recorded 3% of camels provided to Tamboul livestock markets from all over Sudan from 2015 to 2016 were infected with Dermatophillosis. The prevalence rate in this study was less than the results recorded by Gitao et al, [16] that revealed 20% of camels in the Butana area were infected with Dermatophillosis [17] . The prevalence of camel Dermatophillosis in Iran was 13.6%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

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Incidence of dermatophillosis among one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) provided to tamboul livestock market, Sudan

Habeeballah¹,

Mohamed²,

Abakar³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husbandry

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The present study aimed to the determined incidence of Dermatophillosis among one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) provided to Tamboul livestock market, Sudan. Three hundred camels of different ages and sex that came from different parts of Sudan were studied in different season's assessment of some factors on the incidence of Dermatophillosis, and haematological and biochemical values for infected camels were done. The results showed that the incidence rate of Dermatophilus infection in camels was 3%, visually; loss of hair and accumulation of necrotic white materials around the neck, forelimb, thorax and sometimes all parts of the body was shown; the necrotic white materials were deep and hard attachment with skin. M icroscopically the Dermatophilus congolensis under the microscope revealed cocci was used 10% KOH and Giemsa stain. According to age, Chi-square revealed a significantly higher incidence rate in the age group less than 6 years (88.9%) followed by 6-12 years (11.1%) years and not noted in ages more than 13 years. Therefore, a high significance variation in sex and all infected camels were noticed in male. While the season factor showed an insignificant effect on Dermatophilus infection. In addition, the results showed that Dermatophilosis was an insignificant effect on the mean of hematological and biochemical parameters (p>0.05). Dermatophillosis mixed with dermatophytosis was detected in most examined samples. Direct examination using 10% KOH is a reliable technique to determine chronic Dermatophillosis and the Strategic application of anti-biotic drugs mixed with anti-fungal drugs for the treatment of camel Dermatophillosis is strongly recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Incidence of dermatophillosis among one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) provided to tamboul livestock market, Sudan

Habeeballah¹,

Mohamed²,

Abakar³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husbandry

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“…Dermatophilus congolensis causes exudative dermatitis in multiple species and is typically associated with tick and biting fly-transmission, although it can also be spread by contact [ 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. Prevalence levels were similar in Kenya to Sudan and Iran, at between 12 and 30%, and were significantly higher during the wet season [ 53 , 160 , 161 ]. This may indicate an increased risk as camel production moves into areas with higher rainfall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels in Kenya: A Systematised Review

Hughes

Anderson

2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Kenya is home to Africa’s third largest population of dromedary camels, and production at commercial and local levels are increasingly important. In pastoral and nomadic communities in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), camels play a vital role in food security, while commercial milk production and formalized export markets are rapidly emerging as camel populations expand into non-traditional areas. Until recently, little focus was placed on camels as hosts of zoonotic disease, but the emergence of Middle Eastern respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and the discovery of exposure to the virus in Kenyan camels, highlighted the need for further understanding of this area. This systematised review utilised a robust search strategy to assess the occurrence of camel-associated zoonoses in Kenya and to evaluate the quality of the published literature. Seventy-four studies were identified, covering sixteen pathogens, with an increasing number of good quality studies in recent years. Despite this, the area remains under-researched and there is a lack of robust, high-quality research. Trypanosome spp., Echinococcus granulosus and Brucella spp. appeared most frequently in the literature. Pathogens with the highest reported prevalence were MERS-CoV (0–100%), Echinococcus granulosa (7–60%) and Rift Valley fever virus (7–57%). Exposure to Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus showed higher levels in camel or camel-associated vectors than other livestock species, although brucellosis was the only disease for which there was robust evidence linking camel and human exposure. Zoonotic agents with less severe human health outcomes, such as Dermatophilosus congolensis and contagious ecthyma, were also represented in the literature. This review provides an important summary of the scope and quality of current knowledge. It demonstrates that further research, and improved adherence to robust study design and reporting are essential if the zoonotic risk from camels in Kenya, and elsewhere, is to be better understood.

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“…The condition has been described in a wide range of animal hosts and humans [3,4]. The most affected domestic animals are cattle [5], camels [6,7], horses [8], sheep [9], goats [10], occasionally cats [11], and other species [4]. In camels, a mixed infection of D. congolensis and Microsporum gypseum has been reported [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged wetting of skin during or after the rainy season may predispose camels to more severe infection because of the emulsification of the wax barrier and disruption of the stratum cornium. Human infection, in the form of pustules, furuncles, or desquamative eczema of the hands or forearms or superficial erosions of the esophagus, can be acquired through contact with diseased animals [7,15]. Camel dermatophilosis has been reported in Kenya, Sudan and Saudi Arabia [16], United Arab Emirates [17], Egypt [18], Ethiopia [19], Iran [20], India [21], and Belgium [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis mixed infection in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Jordan

Tarazi

Al-Ani

2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: This study describes and reports, for the first time, an outbreak of dermatophilosis that occurred concurrently with caseous lymphadenitis involving two camel herds (Camelus dromedaries) in north Jordan. Methodology: The affected animals were part of two herds comprising 52 Arabian camels in herd 1 and 65 camels in herd 2. The age of infected camels ranged from 18 months to 5 years. Pus and skin scab samples were aseptically collected and bacteriologically examined. Affected camels were treated by long-acting oxytetracycline injection in a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours for three successive treatments, and local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray treatment for five successive days. Results: The main clinical signs on affected camels were skin dermatitis and abscess formation. The isolated organisms were Dermatophilus congolensis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were the causative agents of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis, respectively. Other organisms were isolated from skin abscesses, including α-hemolytic streptococci, hemolytic E. coli, Actinomyces pyogenes, and S. aureus. The affected camels were rapidly and effectively cured by the above-mentioned treatment protocol. No mortality was recorded. Conclusions: Introducing purchased camels from animal auctions without pre-examination and keeping camels in over-crowded small barns under cold, humid, and rainy conditions during winter may predispose the eruption of mixed infection of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis. Treatment by long-acting oxytetracycline injection with local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray can control such infection. A survey on camel herds raised near Jordan's borders is needed to monitor the possibility of emerging infectious disease.

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Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Incidence of dermatophillosis among one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) provided to tamboul livestock market, Sudan

Incidence of dermatophillosis among one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) provided to tamboul livestock market, Sudan

Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels in Kenya: A Systematised Review

An outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis mixed infection in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Jordan

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