An Optical Liquid-Level Sensor Based on D-Shape Fiber Modal Interferometer

Dong, Yue; Xiao, Siyu; Han, Xijiang; Liu, Jingxuan; Sun, Chunran; Jian, Shuisheng

doi:10.1109/lpt.2017.2700623

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hence, the wavelength of the interference spectrum of the cascaded LPFGs shifts in proportion to a change in L′, as can be checked from the following Eqs. (6) and (7).…”

Section: Operation Principle and Sensor Head Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2−6) Among them, fiber grating liquid level sensors have been in high demand in a variety of industrial applications such as fuel storage and water level monitoring. (7,8) Generally, conventional fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been widely used to measure strain or temperature. However, conventional FBG sensors cannot detect changes in surrounding refractive index (SRI), because light introduced into FBGs is only guided within the core covered by the cladding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature-independent Optical Fiber Liquid Level Sensor Based on an In-fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Formed by Cascaded Polarization-maintaining Long-period Fiber Gratings

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Sensors and Materials

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“…Hence, the wavelength of the interference spectrum of the cascaded LPFGs shifts in proportion to a change in L′, as can be checked from the following Eqs. (6) and (7).…”

Section: Operation Principle and Sensor Head Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-independent Optical Fiber Liquid Level Sensor Based on an In-fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Formed by Cascaded Polarization-maintaining Long-period Fiber Gratings

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Sensors and Materials

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“…The sensors based on modal interferometer have been proposed with different structures. There are single-mode fiber (SMF) spliced to no-core fiber (NCF) with coated mirror at the other end [17], SMF-NCF-SMF [18], [19], SMF-dual side-hole fiber-SMF [20], SMF-HCF(hollow core fiber)-SMF [21], [22], SMF-NCF-D-shape fiber-NCF-SMF [23], SMF-MMF(multi-mode fiber)-thinned fiber-SMF [24],SMF-MMF-SMF [25] and MMF-NCF-MMF [26]. Although the sensitivities of the wavelength-modulated sensors are high, the wavelength processing depends on complicated technology or instruments like optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) and their measurement ranges are limited to several centimeters including high cross response to temperature and RI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflected Light Intensity-Modulated Continuous Liquid Level Sensor Based on Oblique End Face Coupling Optical Fibers

Cheng

Zhao

et al. 2020

IEEE Sensors J.

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A light intensity-modulated optical fiber sensor for continuous level measurement is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor is constructed by vertically arranging groups of fibers on the oblique surface which reflects all the incident light when the fibers are in the air but a small proportion of light when the fibers are immersed in the liquid. In order to implement easy modulation and detection, the angle of oblique surface is specially designed to get the maximum intensity modulation according to Fresnel reflection. The fiber groups consist of emitting and receiving fibers, which are tightly fixed to make it easy to detect reflected light based on side coupling effect. The calculation model of the oblique structure and the light path simulation by finite element analysis are used to optimize the oblique angle and prove the feasibility of the sensor. Gradient level experiments and stability tests in the laboratory indicate that the sensor has high sensitivity of 0.21mW/cm, superior resolution and good stability.

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“…In the literature, the development of all-fiber interferometers with different configurations has yielded considerable results, such as fiber-optic Michelson interferometers (FMI) [1,2,3,4], fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometers (FMZI) [5,6,7,8], fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometers (FFPI) [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], and fiber-optic Fizeau interferometers (FFI) [18,19]. Typical FI based sensing systems and application examples have been categorized into 13 types, according to the measured parameters, i.e., temperature [20,21], mechanical vibration [22,23], acoustic wave [22,24], ultrasound [25,26], voltage [27,28], magnetic field [29,30], pressure [20,31], strain [21,32], flow velocity [33,34], humidity [35,36], gas [37,38], liquid level [39,40], and the refractive index (RI) [41,42]. Li et al [20] proposed a cascaded-cavity FFPI to simultaneously sense air pressure and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [39] proposed a temperature-insensitive liquid level sensor based on FFPI with an error less than 0.4% of full scale. Dong et al [40] used a D-shape fiber modal interferometer to design a liquid level sensor for achieving low temperature cross sensitivity. In [41], a RI sensor with 6.02 × 10 −6 detection limit and 1.3320 to 1.3465 RIU range was designed with FMZI and Sagnac interferometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Novel Measuring Scheme for Fiber Interferometer Based Sensors

Lee

You

2019

Sensors

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This paper presents a novel measuring scheme for fiber interferometer (FI) based sensors. With the advantages of being small sizes, having high sensitivity, a simple structure, good durability, being easy to integrate fiber optic communication and having immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), FI based sensing devices are suitable for monitoring remote system states or variations in physical parameters. However, the sensing mechanism for the interference spectrum shift of FI based sensors requires expensive equipment, such as a broadband light source (BLS) and an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). This has strongly handicapped their wide application in practice. To solve this problem, we have, for the first time, proposed a smart measuring scheme, in which a commercial laser diode (LD) and a photodetector (PD) are used to detect the equivalent changes of optical power corresponding to the variation in measuring parameters, and a signal processing system is used to analyze the optical power changes and to determine the spectrum shifts. To demonstrate the proposed scheme, a sensing device on polymer microcavity fiber Fizeau interferometer (PMCFFI) is taken as an example for constructing a measuring system capable of long-distance monitoring of the temperature and relative humidity. In this paper, theoretical analysis and fundamental tests have been carried out. Typical results are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed measuring scheme, smartly converting the interference spectrum shifts of an FI sensing device into the corresponding variations of voltage signals. With many attractive features, e.g., simplicity, low cost, and reliable remote-monitoring, the proposed scheme is very suitable for practical applications.

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An Optical Liquid-Level Sensor Based on D-Shape Fiber Modal Interferometer

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Temperature-independent Optical Fiber Liquid Level Sensor Based on an In-fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Formed by Cascaded Polarization-maintaining Long-period Fiber Gratings

Temperature-independent Optical Fiber Liquid Level Sensor Based on an In-fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Formed by Cascaded Polarization-maintaining Long-period Fiber Gratings

Reflected Light Intensity-Modulated Continuous Liquid Level Sensor Based on Oblique End Face Coupling Optical Fibers

Design and Implementation of a Novel Measuring Scheme for Fiber Interferometer Based Sensors

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