An open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Spanish black radish on the induction of phase I and phase II enzymes in healthy male subjects

Abstract

BackgroundHumans are exposed to toxins which accumulate in the body, and are detoxified primarily in the liver. Studies have shown that cruciferous vegetables (such as radishes) may be beneficial to health by aiding detoxification of toxins in the liver.MethodsThis single-centre, open-label, pilot study investigated the effect of a dietary supplement containing Spanish Black Radish on hepatic function in healthy males by monitoring the profiles of plasma and urine acetaminophen metabolites and serum hormone concentrations at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation. A paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment of plasma and urine acetaminophen metabolite profiles, serum hormone concentrations and safety end points.ResultsArea under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 8 hours for the acetaminophen glucuronide metabolite and unchanged acetaminophen in plasma decreased from baseline to week 4 by 9% (P = 0.004) and 40% (P = 0.010), respectively. The AUC from 0 to 8 hours for acetaminophen sulfate and mercapturate metabolites in the urine increased by 11% (P = 0.010) and 37% (P = 0.024), respectively, from baseline to week 4. The AUC from 0 to 8 hours of serum estradiol-17β decreased by 10% from baseline to week 4 (P = 0.005). All measures of clinical safety remained within acceptable laboratory ranges, however a significant reduction in plasma γ-glutamyl transferase levels was noted after 4 weeks of Spanish Black Radish treatment (P = 0.002).ConclusionsThese changes in metabolite and hormone levels indicate that Spanish Black Radish supplements have a positive influence on the detoxification of acetaminophen suggesting up-regulation of phase I and phase II liver enzymes. This study was sponsored by Standard Process Inc.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02137590 (Date of registration: May 12, 2014)

Isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera seeds mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and preserved morphological features of human neuronal cells

“…This attribute to long time effect on endogenous defensive mechanism that again reduce the vulnerability of the cells to certain attacks by exogenous cytotoxic agents. Growing number of studies revealed that under normal circumstance, oxidative damage causes reactions that confer negative effect on beneficial markers in antioxidant mechanistic pathways responsible for neutralising harmful stimuli [ 45 , 46 ]. However, exogenous antioxidants tend to counteract such effects, but when presence in high quantity they inhibit the response generated by their indigenous counterpart thereby increasing the cells’ sensitivity to stimuli with eventual death [ 44 ].…”

Inhibitory Effect of Black Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger) Extracts on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Monocyte/Macrophage-Like Cell Line RAW 264.7

“…Furthermore, dietary supplementation with radish roots has been reported to lower blood glucose levels and improve lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats and normal mice. In vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that black radish induced phase I and II enzymes ( Evans et al, 2014 ). For example, the phase I detoxification enzymes (CYP isoenzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) and phase II detoxification enzymes (glutathione S -transferase, quinone reductase, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase) were significantly stimulated by a diet containing 20% freeze-dried radish ( Hanlon et al, 2007 ; Hanlon et al, 2009 ).…”

Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications

“…A pilot trial on healthy male subjects receiving a dietary supplementation of Spanish black radish indicated that this effect is due to induction of phase I and phase II enzymes [152]. …”

“…Similarly to many cruciferous vegetables, black radish was ascribed a positive action on liver by detoxification of drugs and toxins. A pilot trial on healthy male subjects receiving a dietary supplementation of Spanish black radish indicated that this effect is due to induction of phase I and phase II enzymes [ 152 ].…”