An investigation into the occurrence of the toxic amino acid gizzerosine in fish meal

Abstract

A method is presented whereby the toxic amino acid gizzerosine can be determined in j s h meals to a lower limit of 10 mg k g -' . Fish meal was hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid and, after concentration by fieeze drying, derivatised with dansyl chloride solution without further clean-up. A ,@action containing the tridansyl derivative of gizzerosine was separated and collected by HPLC and j?om this the didansyl derivative was separated a f e r treatment with formic acid on the same column as previously using the same mobile phase. Seventeen fish meals, some causing severe gizzard erosion in chickens, were analysed but in none of them could gizzerosine at or nbove this level be found.

Determination of Gizzerosine Activity in Fish Meal with a Homologous Radioimmunoassay

“…(Ito et al, 1985). However, a recent report indicates that this method has low reproducibility, and intrinsic problems with recovery of the toxin after the sample extraction (Wagener et al, 1991). From an analytical standpoint, our sample pretreatment (buffer) provides the fastest and simplest alternative for extraction.…”

“…However, this method has been shown to be time-consuming, involve difficult and cumbersome procedures, and have low reproducibility (Wagener et al, 1991). Accordingly, this analytical method has not been adopted by the poultry and fish meal industries.…”

“…has been previously reported (Ito et al, 1985;Murakita and Gotoh, 1990;Wagener et al, 1991). However, this method has been shown to be time-consuming, involve difficult and cumbersome procedures, and have low reproducibility (Wagener et al, 1991).…”

“…The compound, originally found in overheated fish meals, has been shown to induce gastric acid secretion in young chicks, in a mode of action similar to that of histamine, but with higher potency and a longerlasting action (Masamura et ah, 1985;Hino et al, 1987;Ito et al, 1988;Wagener et al, 1991). Gizzerosine is formed by the reaction of the e-amino group of lysine with the imidazolylethyl group of histidine during the heating process of fish meal manufacturing Masamura et al, 1985;Sugahara et al, 1988).…”

LC–MS–MS Determination of Gizzerosine in Poultry Feed

“…This may, at least in part, be due to the lack of simple, selective and sufficiently sensitive methods of detection. Although several methods based on HPLC combined with fluorometric detection of either pre-or post-column derivatives have been described in the literature these methods are cumbersome, lack sensitivity and are not selective [14][15][16]. The development of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies has been reported in the literature, as has their application in a radioimmunoassay and a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay [17,18].…”