An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques

Heck, Ronald H.; Thomas, Scott L.

doi:10.4324/9781315746494

Cited by 330 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…To rectify this, the common data analytic approach would be to use multilevel modeling. However, the number of organizations in our sample was limited to only 28, whereas researchers (e.g., Heck and Thomas 2000;Hox 2002) have recommended a minimum of 50-100 groups to obtain reliable multilevel-SEM results. Therefore, we used a different approach that statistically takes into account the hierarchical structure of our data, while also being consistent with the literature's recommendations related to the level-2 sample size.…”

Section: Data Analysis Approachmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety Culture, Moral Disengagement, and Accident Underreporting

2015

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Moral disengagement (MD) is the process by which individuals mitigate the consequences of their own violations of moral standards. Although MD is understood to be co-determined by culture norms, no study has yet explored the extent to which MD applied to safety at work (JS-MD) fosters safety violations (e.g., accident underreporting), nor the role of organizational culture as a predictor of JS-MD. The current study seeks to address this gap in the literature by examining individual-(MD) and organizational-level (culture) factors that explain why employees fail to report workplace accidents. We tested a latent variable structural model positing organizational culture typologies (autocratic, bureaucratic, clan-patronage, technocratic, and cooperative) as predictors of JS-MD, which in turn is expected to mediate the relationship with accident underreporting. Using data from 1033 employees in 28 Italian organizations, findings suggest that bureaucratic safety culture was related to lower levels of JS-MD, whereas technocratic safety culture was related to greater JS-MD. In turn, JS-MD positively predicted employee accident underreporting and fully mediated the relationship between culture and underreporting. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the increasing focus on underreporting as well as the adverse individual and organizational consequences of failing to report workplace accidents.

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Section: Data Analysis Approachmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety Culture, Moral Disengagement, and Accident Underreporting

2015

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“…It can be seen from the table that the top 5 significant variables were: lack of adherence to municipal bylaws and regulations, wrong perception on the potential benefits of proper waste management, failure of businesses to provide customers with waste disposal bins, the status of the business operator (owner or employee), and the frequency at which business premises are inspected by municipal sanitation and health workers, in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from multilevel analysis (Heck & Thomas, 2015) showed that there were significant differences among the 7 categories of waste in the study. The results showed that 23.05% of the total variation in efficiency is due to differences among the 7 categories of waste produced by business enterprises operating in the City of Tshwane.…”

Section: Results Of Studymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The specific aims of the study were to assess the current state of solid waste management with regards to type of wastes and quantities of waste generated, to identify key factors that affect efficiency in the management of solid waste, and to assess the degree to which businesses adhere to norms and standards that are recommended for businesses in terms of solid waste disposal. (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 2013) and multilevel analysis (Heck & Thomas, 2015) were used for performing statistical data analyses. The statistical package STATA version 14 (2015) was used for performing data analyses.…”

Section: Objectives Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of efficiency in municipal waste management in Tshwane municipalities, South Africa

Worku

2016

Environmental Economics

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A survey was conducted in local municipalities in the Tshwane region of Gauteng Province in South Africa in order to assess and evaluate the efficiency with which municipal waste is collected, disposed of, processed and recycled by local municipalities in Tshwane based on data gathered from 1,035 businesses. Efficiency in waste management was assessed by using a structural time-based model designed for evaluating efficiency as a function of the length of time required to manage and process municipal waste. Adherence to municipal bylaws and procedures recommended for solid waste management by businesses by the City of Tshwane was graded based on ISO 14000 and ISO 14031 standards and guidelines. The study found that efficiency in waste management was adversely influenced by lack of adherence to municipal bylaws and regulations, wrong perception on the benefits of proper waste management, and failure to provide customers with waste disposal bins, in a decreasing order of importance.

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“…Other data were captured from business records. Standard econometric analyses were performed by using Pearson's Chi-square tests of association (Hair, Black, Rabin & Anderson, 2010), the Cox proportional hazards model (Kleinbaum, Kupper, Nizam & Rosenberg, 2013), longitudinal data analysis with multilevel models (Heck & Thomas, 2015) and Marcov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms (Browne & Goldstein, 2010). The statistical package STATA version 14 (Stata Corporation, 2015) was used for data entry and analyses.…”

Section: Methods and Materials Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of poor quality municipal services on small enterprises

Worku¹

2016

Investment Management and Financial Innovations

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A survey was conducted (2012 to 2014) in the City of Tshwane in order to assess and evaluate determinants of adequate municipal services that are routinely provided to operators of start-up business enterprises. Data used in the report come from 1.058 small businesses. The aim of research is to assess and evaluate the relationship between the quality of services and sustained viability in small business enterprises. The study was conducted against the background of a high failure rate among newly established small businesses in the City of Tshwane. The study showed that there was a significant association between positive perception of business operators on the quality of municipal services provided to them and viability of businesses. The percentage of viable business enterprises that were satisfied with the quality of services provided to them was 87%. The percentage of non-viable business enterprises that were satisfied with the quality of services provided to them was only 13%. Profitability in business enterprises was significantly affected by lack of capacity for fulfilling the business and entrepreneurial needs of newly established businesses [hazard ratio = 3.58; P = 0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.45, 5.46)], inappropriate policy [hazard ratio = 3.19; P = 0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.39, 5.28)], and lack of tailor made training programs directed at newly established small businesses [hazard ratio = 2.89; P = 0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.24, 4.77)]. In-depth interviews conducted with business operators led to similar findings.

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An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques

Cited by 330 publications

References 0 publications

Safety Culture, Moral Disengagement, and Accident Underreporting

Safety Culture, Moral Disengagement, and Accident Underreporting

Predictors of efficiency in municipal waste management in Tshwane municipalities, South Africa

The impact of poor quality municipal services on small enterprises

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