An introduction to conservation conflicts

Scientific and Normative Foundations for the Valuation of Alien-Species Impacts: Thirteen Core Principles

“…In a world where human agency and natural systems have become increasingly interconnected, decisionmaking in environmental policy is inherently complex (Gregory et al 2012, Redpath et al 2015. Such complexity is especially prominent in the case of alien-species management, because the evaluation of alien-species impacts demands the consideration and weighing of scientific evidence and societal or individual norms ("values").…”

“…These principles relate to the decisionmaking process, articulating fundamental values, selecting relevant objectives and impacts, and ranking their importance during decisionmaking. In other words, there is unavoidably a strong normative element in evaluating the risks and impacts of alien species, which often results in "conflicts of beliefs and values" (Redpath et al 2015). Such differences in normative perceptions can be nonnegotiable, which greatly reduces the likelihood of reaching consensus (Voinov andFarley 2007, Redpath et al 2015).…”

“…We agree that totally eliminating conflicting views is impossible (Redpath et al 2015). Rather, we aim to provide a framework that elucidates the causes for disagreement and conflict.…”

“…The variations in how alien-species impacts are perceived and the ensuing disagreements between stakeholders create substantial challenges when decisions must be undertaken by politicians and managers (Estévez et al 2015, Redpath et al 2015. In addition, the criteria for making decisions about interventions to manage alien species generally differ along the different invasion stages, from introduction into a region to subsequent establishment and spread (sensu Blackburn et al 2011).…”

A rede sociotécnica na relação entre ribeirinhos e onças (Panthera onca e Puma concolor) nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã e Mamirauá no Amazonas

“…Para contornar essa situação e proteger os grandes predadores, alguns deles seriamente ameaçados de extinção, cientistas e conservacionistas começaram a pesquisar formas de diminuir o número de abates por retaliação ou prevenção de danos, envolvendo as populações humanas que dividem território com carnívoros e seus modos de manejar as criações domésticas (Sillero-Zubiri et al, 2006). Agora, além da relação de competição entre humanos e predadores silvestres, há também uma disputa entre humanos com distintas visões sobre o tema: de um lado, a preocupação com a segurança, a subsistência e as perdas econômicas e, do outro, a preocupação com a extinção de espécies e o equilíbrio ambiental (Redpath et al, 2015). A esse ramo de estudo dá-se o nome de Conflitos 2 entre Homens e a Fauna Silvestre (Human-wildlife conflicts).…”