An Integrative Attributional Perspective of Empowerment and Learned Helplessness: A Multimethod Field Study

Campbell, Constance; Martinko, Mark J.

doi:10.1177/014920639802400203

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition to assigning first-order codes to the data, consistent with (Campbell and Martinko, 1998) and , ratings of follower passivity/activity were also assigned case-by-case based on the interview responses of each participant. This scoring method is conducted at the participant-level of analysis (rather than the paragraph or sentence level), and is effective in summarizing data across a number of respondents .…”

Section: Coding and Analysis Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring social constructions of followership: A qualitative study

Carsten

Uhl‐Bien²,

West³

et al. 2010

The Leadership Quarterly

450

535

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Section: Coding and Analysis Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring social constructions of followership: A qualitative study

Carsten

Uhl‐Bien²,

West³

et al. 2010

The Leadership Quarterly

450

535

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“…We draw from social psychology and whistleblowing research on causal reasoning theory (i.e., attribution theory) to develop our hypothesis concerning this contextual factor. Perceptions about causal attributions influence how individuals respond to events (Campbell and Martinko 1998;Fiske and Taylor 1984;Gundlach et al 2003). Specifically, Martinko et al (2002, p. 111) theorize that attributions for the cause of outcomes are most predictive of the nature and form of reactions to those outcomes.…”

Section: Type Of Fraudmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Contextual and Wrongdoing Attributes on Organizational Employees’ Whistleblowing Intentions Following Fraud

2011

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Recent financial fraud legislation such as the Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (U.S. House of Representatives, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and heavily on whistleblowers for enforcement, and offers protection and incentives for whistleblowers. However, little is known about many aspects of the whistleblowing decision, especially the effects of contextual and wrongdoing attributes on organizational members' willingness to report fraud. We extend the ethics literature by experimentally investigating how the nature of the wrongdoing and the awareness of those surrounding the whistleblower can influence whistleblowing. As predicted, we find that employees are less likely to report: (1) financial statement fraud than theft; (2) immaterial than material financial statement fraud; (3) when the wrongdoer is aware that the potential whistleblower has knowledge of the fraud; and (4) when others in addition to the wrongdoer are not aware of the fraud. Our findings extend whistleblowing research in several ways. For instance, prior research provides little evidence concerning the effects of fraud type, wrongdoer awareness, and others' awareness on whistleblowing intentions. We also provide evidence that whistleblowing settings represent an exception to the well-accepted theory of diffusion of responsibility. Our participants are professionals who represent the likely pool of potential whistleblowers in organizations.

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“…The respondent's conceptualisation of empowerment was first sought; thereafter, the main question in the CIT format was posed: "Think of a personal experience during a current or recent project (within the last 6 months) when you felt particularly empowered or disempowered in the performance of your work role" (i.e. the critical incident identifier statement (Campbell and Martinko, 1998)); "Please describe this experience in as much detail as you can remember" (i.e. the grand tour statement (McCracken, 1988)).…”

Section: Design Of Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%