“…Ward planning studies mostly optimize the allocation of beds to various patient types (e.g., reserve beds for non-electives and electives), as well as dimensioning for different medical specialties [2,17,18,22,50,83,90,109,125,147,150,151,171]. Complete hospital bed planning is also modeled [24,109,151,242], and when wards are evaluated, elective patients may also be included [24,103,125,146].…”