An insight into titania nanopowders modifying with manganese ions: A promising route for highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical solar cells

Impact of dopant ratio on the energy harvesting activity of polyaniline modified counter electrodes for Pt‐free dye‐sensitized solar cells

“…The lower value of R ct and R s of the P-2.3 CE indicates an excellent charge transfer between the electrode/electrolyte interface owing to the good electric connection between FTO substrate and PANI, which can promote the electrocatalytic activity of the PANI CE and enhance the diffusivity of I 3 − redox carrier to the counter electrode. [7,67] This argument is consistent with the estimated diffusion coefficient values from CV analysis (table 2).…”

Research on dye sensitized solar cells: recent advancement toward the various constituents of dye sensitized solar cells for efficiency enhancement and future prospects

“…The utilization of a mesoporous titanium dioxide electrode with a good inner surface area to help a sensitizer monolayer was the way to achieve the successful DSSCs in 1991. Although titanium dioxide 36 still has the highest efficiency, many metal oxide frameworks, such as zinc oxide, SnO 2 , and Nb 2 O 5 , have also been explored. In contrast to these fundamental oxides, ternary oxides such as SrTiO 3 and Zn 2 , SnO 4 have also been studied, as well as center shell structures such as zinc oxide-covered SnO 2 .…”

Tungsten-Doped ZnO as an Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells: Enhancing Efficiency and Stability

“…Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the fastest-growing technologies in photovoltaics due to exceptionally tailored optoelectronic parameters as dictated by a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 26% in combination with joint efforts and methods to improve both device fabrication and photostability. − Nevertheless, PSCs still need to improve their stability, allowing doubts about technological development and growth. , PSCs have become more robust and stable by optimizing the perovskite materials and transport layers. ,, A tremendous amount of work and processes have been considered for controlling and modifying interfaces to obtain stability of PSCs. ,, Perovskite materials offer many benefits, such as excellent optical absorption, tunable band gaps, long diffusion lengths, high carrier mobilities, and low-cost fabrication processes. ,− For instance, the materials’ tunable band gap properties have made it possible to develop high-efficiency tandem solar cells and better multispectral sorters for image sensor technologies. ,− In the case of PSCs, the perovskite material is placed between carrier transport layers (CTLs), which are sandwiched between a front transparent material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide and a metal back reflector such as gold (Au), aluminum (Al), or silver (Ag). , On the other hand, the electron transport material (ETM) in the PSCs is critical in controlling electron extraction and hole blocking from the perovskite absorber and transporting electrons to the contact, which is essential for eliminating electrical shunt resistance from the electrode to the perovskite absorber. ,, Therefore, the electron transport layer (ETL) needs to be efficient enough to meet several essential requirements, including high transparency, good conductivity, and a suitable work function to develop highly efficient PSCs. ,,, Besides, the quality of the ETL controls the perovskite film growth in n–i–p configuration. , Metal oxides (MO X ) such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and zinc oxide (ZnO) can provide excellent optoelectronic properties for PSCs. These materials reduce shunt resistance between the transparent contact and perovskite interface, improving electron extraction and transportation to the corresponding electrode. − Various methods are em...…”