An Innovative Method for Imaging and Chemical Analysis of Wet Samples in Scanning Electron Microscopes

Ruach-Nir, Irit

doi:10.1017/s1551929500053591

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the following description, consideration is limited to pathologically relevant biological samples even though the capsules also will accommodate non-biological materials for examination 1,2 . Despite the feasibility of examining fresh, hydrated and unstained biological material directly with the wet SEM (Fig.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, several imaging options are available for this platform 1,2 , based on the following detection modes: • Backscattered electrons, BSE • Cathodoluminescence, CL • Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS BSE and CL are two different energy formselectronic and photonic, respectively -that originate from the exposure of the specimen to the electron beam. In wet SEM, BSE detection provides the basic morphological details for the sample.…”

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This feature would enable high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, with a resolution approximately 10 times that achievable with LM 1 . The use of electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) with wet SEM adds the ability for concurrent microanalysis of the elemental or ionic composition of the morphological components of the tissue 2,5 . Moreover, EDS microanalysis can localize to a domain of 1 µm in diameter, under certain conditions 4 , making it clearly relevant to tracking intra-cellular ionic traffic.…”

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Wet Tissue SEM - A New Technology with Applications in Drug Development and Safety

Kristt

Nyska

2007

J Toxicol Pathol

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Scanning electron microscopy of wet tissue, wet SEM (WETSEM™), is a new technology that permits ultrastructural examination of fully hydrated biological samples. This review provides a description of this innovative achievement in relation to its reported and potential applications in pathology and toxicology. Possessing LM, SEM and TEM functionality, wet SEM provides a resolution that enables visualizing common ultrastructural targets of disease and toxicity, such as mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. Additionally, this confluence of multiple microscopic modalities allows for a continuous spectrum of inspection options for all structural aspects of cells and tissues. Broad overviews of the sample surface smoothly interdigitate with a detailed scrutiny of the cell interior. Elemental microanalysis and immuno-gold labeling are also possible with the wet SEM, which facilitates diagnostic applications and structuralfunctional correlations. Importantly, all these options are possible on the same sample during a single scoping session using one instrument. Since hydrated material is being directly examined, there is no need for embedment and microtome sectioning, so that preparation time is minimal. With such a rapid preparation phase and multifaceted inspection options, wet SEM appears particularly advantageous for the multi-arm design of drug development and safety studies. Naturally, as in any new form of microscopy, limitations exist that should be appreciated, and the image repertoire will need to be defined so that the most suitable and practical applications can be identified. Within its niche, wet SEM is likely to serve as a uniquely useful tool in pathological investigation. (J Toxicol Pathol 2007; 20: 1-11)

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Wet Tissue SEM - A New Technology with Applications in Drug Development and Safety

Kristt

Nyska

2007

J Toxicol Pathol

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“…This method was also applied to the study of non-biological materials that are strongly affected by their degree of hydration e.g. shaving foam and silver nanoparticles [16,17]. The method uses a disposable cold-seal capsule to isolate the hydrated substance, with a thin electron transparent window to allow imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of WetSEM® capsules for convenient multimodal scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro Raman spectroscopy characterisation of technetium oxides

Bailey

Stennett

Heo

et al. 2021

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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SEM–EDX and Raman spectroscopy analysis of radioactive compounds is often restricted to dedicated instrumentation, within radiological working areas, to manage the hazard and risk of contamination. Here, we demonstrate application of WetSEM® capsules for containment of technetium powder materials, enabling routine multimodal characterisation with general user instrumentation, outside of a controlled radiological working area. The electron transparent membrane of WetSEM® capsules enables SEM imaging of submicron non-conducting technetium powders and acquisition of Tc Lα X-ray emission, using a low cost desktop SEM–EDX system, as well as acquisition of good quality μ-Raman spectra using a 532 nm laser.

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Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials

Schrand

Dai

Schlager

et al. 2012

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The large-scale production and consumer exposure to a variety of nanotechnology innovations has stirred interest concerning the health consequences of human exposure to nanomaterials. In order to investigate these questions, in vitro systems are used to rapidly and inexpensively predict the effects of nanomaterials at the cellular level. Recent advances in the toxicity testing of nanomaterials are beginning to shed light on the characteristics, uptake and mechanisms of their toxicity in a variety of cell types. Once the nanomaterials have been satisfactorily characterized, the evaluation of their interactions with cells can be studied with microscopy and biochemical assays. The combination of viability testing, observation of morphology and the generation of oxidative stress provide clues to the mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. The results of these studies are used to better understand how the size, chemical composition, shape and functionalization may contribute to their toxicity. This chapter will introduce the reader to the impact of nanomaterials in the workplace and marketplace with an emphasis on carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials, which are most commonly encountered. While most purified carbon nanomaterials were nontoxic to many cell lines, many metal nanoparticles (e.g., silver or manganese) were more toxic. Other side- effects of nanoparticle interactions with cells can also occur, such as increased branching and dopamine depletion. Further investigation into the characteristics, uptake and mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity will continue to elucidate this fascinating and rapidly growing area of science.

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An Innovative Method for Imaging and Chemical Analysis of Wet Samples in Scanning Electron Microscopes

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

The Wet Tissue SEM - A New Technology with Applications in Drug Development and Safety

The Wet Tissue SEM - A New Technology with Applications in Drug Development and Safety

Use of WetSEM® capsules for convenient multimodal scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro Raman spectroscopy characterisation of technetium oxides

Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials

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