“…The term ENM broadly encompasses a number of nano-sized materials that vary in shape, such as nanotubes, nanowires, or nanoparticles (NPs), which are generally defined as "any material having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm." 1 Because of their extremely small size and high surface area, NPs offer a number of advantages over traditional "bulk" materials and are suitable for a wide variety of applications in consumer goods, 2,3 medical devices and diagnostics, [4][5][6] pharmaceutical products, 4,7-10 fuel additives, 11,12 and other industrial uses. [13][14][15][16][17] As a result, the number of manufactured goods containing NPs is continually rising; in 2006, manufacturers reported that NPs were incorporated in over 600 consumer products worth $50 billion in market value, 18 a number which has doubled to .1,600 NP-containing consumer products in 2013.…”