An inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for elemental analysis. Part III: Analytical performance

Myers, David P.; Li, G.; Mahoney, Patrick P.; Hieftje, Gary M.

doi:10.1016/1044-0305(95)00027-b

Cited by 47 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, alignment of the main velocity of the ions with the direction of the flight tube in aa-TOFMS eliminates turnaround-time errors. Despite the apparent advantages and limitations of these competitive geometries, the experimental performance of both designs is similar and comparable with the figures of merit from other ICPMS platforms (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Commonly, ICP-TOFMS systems achieve elemental sensitivities of 10 6 -10 7 cps/ppm/isotope and detection limits of 0.1-10 ppt for all elements and isotopes of interest, measured concurrently.…”

Section: Tofms With Plasma Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Peer Reviewed: Plasma Source TOFMS

McClenathan¹,

Ray²,

Wetzel³

et al. 2004

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Tofms With Plasma Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Peer Reviewed: Plasma Source TOFMS

McClenathan¹,

Ray²,

Wetzel³

et al. 2004

Anal. Chem.

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“…Time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) acquires all isotope signals quasisimultaneously at a rate of several 10 4 spectra per second [67]. This principally allows for a better ion signal correlation for rapidly changing ion signal intensities [68].…”

Section: Mass Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS)

Hattendorf

Günther

2014

Handbook of Spectroscopy

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In laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) the aerosol analyzed by ICPMS is generated by evaporating (ablating) a solid sample by means of a high-energy pulsed laser beam, which is focused on the sample surface. The ability to concentrate laser energy into an area as small as 4 μm in diameter for current equipment enables spatially resolved elemental analysis of major, minor, and trace elements and isotope ratio measurements in almost any solid material [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of this technique started in 1985 when Alan Gray presented the very first attempt at quantitative analysis of geological materials using LA-ICPMS [6]. The general setup of LA-ICPMS has not undergone fundamental changes since this initial configuration, while technical improvements of laser sources, beam delivery optics, and ICPMS instrumentation led to better performance and an increasing range of applications until today. These applications range from geochemical studies over material sciences and technology into biochemical and even medical applications. Forensic studies of many kinds are routinely carried out, and quality control of production processes is an increasing field where this technique is employed. In general, LA-ICPMS is a valuable tool in elemental trace and ultra trace analysis whenever spatially resolved determinations are required or when sample consumption shall be minimized. Even for bulk analysis, LA-ICPMS may be considered as it eliminates the need for sample digestion and minimizes the occurrence of solvent-based spectral interferences, which can be a severe limitation in ICPMS when using conventional solution nebulization.LA-ICPMS basically consists of the following components:• The laser source and beam delivery. Different pulsed lasers are currently available for LA-ICPMS, which primarily differ in wavelength, pulse duration, and pulse energy as well as in beam geometry and energy distribution. The beam delivery in most cases consists of energy adjustment, steering and shaping elements, and an objective for focusing and observation. Beam shaping is carried out toHandbook of Spectroscopy, Second Edition. Edited by Günter Gauglitz and David S. Moore.

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“…The large energy spreads from ICP sources necessitate double focusing if sector mass analysers are to be used. Hieftje 34,35 has developed an orthogonal acceleration reflecting ICP/TOFMS system shown in Fig. 14. This gives a resolving power (typically) of 1600 (fwhm).…”

Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma (Icp) Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect Timing: Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry†

Guilhaus

Mlynski

Selby

1997

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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In the 1990s time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has reestablished itself as a mainstream technique in mass spectrometry. There have been several developments which have contributed to this. The development of the technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), a pulsed ionization method, has provided a user-friendly, low-cost window on the high mass regime for the molecular biologist. The availability of high-speed computers has allowed efficient processing of TOF data on the microsecond time-scale. The emergence of practical ion optical approaches for space, time and velocity focusing have improved the resolving power and sensitivity of TOFMS far beyond its limited performance in previous decades. The technique of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has returned as a prominent mass analysis method. TOFMS can be advantageous compared to scanning technologies because of its 'unlimited' mass range, high speed and the potential for high duty factors (% of ions formed that are detected). Two important causes for the renewed activity in TOFMS can be identified: (i) The development of and need for new ionization methods capable of generating ions of structural significance from high molecular weight materials. In particular, developments in ion sources for molecular biology provide a strong driving force for TOFMS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) 1 and electrospray ionization (ESI) 2 have been prominent in this regard. (ii) The facilitating technologies for TOFMS have advanced dramatically during the past decade. These include affordable pulsed lasers, nanosecond digitizers, focal plane detectors and microcomputing power.The convergence of the need for high mass analysis with the availability of the necessary technology has been perfectly timed. But the recent successes of TOFMS must equally be attributed to research directed at overcoming the physical limitations inherent in the TOFMS experiment. Dispersions in the initial position, time and velocity of the ion population severely limited the resolving power of early TOFMS instruments. Inefficient production, gating and detection of ion packets have, until recently, placed considerable constraints on the sensitivity of the TOF mass analyser. The need to form discrete packets of ions has provided a challenge in the coupling of continuous ion sources to TOFMS.The development of the ion mirror (or reflectron) 3 and the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oa-TOFMS) 4-6 have been key stages in the revival of TOFMS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO TOFMS RENAISSANCEThe simplicity of the physical principles of TOFMS underpin its current successes. The mass-velocity relationship for constant energy ions and the electrostatic force on a charge when combined with Newtonian mechanics provide the foundations of all TOFMS equations:force on a charge in an electric field F = ma Newton's second law a = Eq/m acceleration in a constant electric field where q = charge; V = electrical potential through which an ion having ch...

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An inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for elemental analysis. Part III: Analytical performance

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Peer Reviewed: Plasma Source TOFMS

Peer Reviewed: Plasma Source TOFMS

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS)

Perfect Timing: Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry†

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