An exploratory study on perception of Indian crowd towards crowdsourcing software development

Sharma, Shruti; Hasteer, Nitasha; Van-Belle, Jean Paul

doi:10.1109/ccaa.2017.8229934

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[7] A hybrid simulation model for crowdsourced software development 1 0 1 [35] A vision of crowd development 1 1 0 [36] Affinity-aware online selection mechanisms in mobile crowdsourcing sensing 1 1 1 [37] An exploratory study on perception of Indian crowd toward crowdsourcing software development 1 1 0 [16] Analyzing crowd labor and designing incentives for humans in the loop 1 1 0 [38] Barriers faced by newcomers to software crowdsourcing projects 1 1 0 [39] Competence, collaboration, and time management: Barriers and recommendations for crowd workers 1 1 1 [19] Competition-based crowdsourcing software development: A multi-method study from a customer perspective 1 1 0…”

Section: Significant Features Of Crowd In Crowdsourcing (Rq1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…External participants are provided with honoraria and likelihood of career prospects/advancement [14,19,20,41] and being employed in future work [71]. Various workers complete different types of tasks such as sentiment analysis and tagging of image, solving microprogramming tasks in order to receive benefits of remuneration [2,19,41,56] financial [6], monetary [41,47,83], reward [37,78], prize [36,37,49,71,78], payment [45,65,66] like immediate payoffs (making money) [5], cash [50,75], fee [57], direct compensation [16,31,61,66] and money [8,55], extra bonuses [12,35], extra income [43], non-monetary awards including delayed payoffs (the potential to take freelance work) [5], status [3], pleasure personal enjoyment/fun [5,62], and for learning purpose [6,45] to increase their Understanding crowdsourcing projects: A systematic review of tendencies, workflow, and quality management 1 1 3 [66] Weaving risk identification into crowdsourcing lifecycle 0...…”

Section: Reasons Behind Crowd Participation (Rq2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[50] knowledge [15][16][17], increase reputation [65,77] in public display by increase in point and badges. e motivation may be an introjected one in which crowd participates for recognition [6,62] among peers, fame [37]. People also compete with each other to develop their skills [6,45].…”

Section: Reasons Behind Crowd Participation (Rq2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of Crowd in Crowdsourcing for Smart Intelligent Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study

Shang

Ali

et al. 2021

Scientific Programming

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Crowdsourcing is a task-solving model in which human crowd is hired to solve a particular task. During the crowdsourcing process, the crowd selection is performed in order to select appropriate crowd workers for a specific task; without appropriate selection of crowd workers, the process of crowdsourcing is aimless. The main goal of this paper was to identify the features of crowd in crowdsourcing activity, reasons behind crowd participation in the activity of crowdsourcing, and the existing techniques that were utilized for crowd selection in crowdsourcing. Search strings with corresponding keywords were used to capture relevant studies related to crowdsourcing, and crowd selection was classified under conference papers, journal articles, proceedings, and book chapters. 81 relevant studies are selected from 7 digital data repositories using a search strategy. In crowdsourcing practices, crowd selection was considerably addressed. Nonetheless, it has been noticed that the selection is based only on a single crowd worker attribute such as confidence, past success, efficiency, and experience. For the efficiency and effectiveness of the crowdsourcing operation, crowd selection on multicriteria features is essential.

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Section: Significant Features Of Crowd In Crowdsourcing (Rq1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reasons Behind Crowd Participation (Rq2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of Crowd in Crowdsourcing for Smart Intelligent Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study

Shang

Ali

et al. 2021

Scientific Programming

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“…Project Planning [25] Requirement Management [20] Programming/Coding [14,21,37] Software Testing [7,17] Software Integration [7] Debugging [40] Software Evolution [40] Generic development [8][9][10][11][12][13]15,16,18,19,[22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]38,39,41,42] The activities mentioned in Table 5 are the only software engineering activities where freelancers were involved as reported by the literature studies. The formulation of the category labels and classification of the studies in these categories were made on the basis of the software engineering activity that the literature studies have focused on.…”

Section: Software Development Area Research Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the studies focusing on requirement management without any focus on software evolution (focusing on managing requirement for a particular version only rather than driving next version development), are assigned to Requirement management category. The study as given in [27] deals with resource management and is hence assigned to the Project Planning category. Table 5 shows that the majority of the research studies disseminates the aspects related to freelancing for the overall software development.…”

Section: Software Development Area Research Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Freelancers in the Software Development Process: A Systematic Mapping Study

2020

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[Context] Freelancers could catalyze the software development process by providing their niche skills to generate high quality outputs. They could help companies (including startups) to foster innovations by suggesting creative ideas and providing their expertise in implementing them (for instance, designing solutions, coding solutions etc.). Freelancers could effectively and efficiently work as a virtual member of the software development team. The company must make informed decisions about which task to allot to the freelancer, which freelancer to select, pricing the task, and evaluating the submitted work. On the other hand, the freelancer should make an informed decision about evaluating the monetary value of the task to be charged, trusting the requester, analyzing the skills requirement of the task (finding matches between skill requirement and skills processed), selecting the best task, and maintaining the highest level of reputation. However, the literature does not provide freelancers and the companies the guidelines that support their decision making. However, if freelancers are selected carefully for the most suitable task, the companies will benefit a lot in terms of improved software development metrics. [Objectives] The objective of this paper is to provide the research community the research trends in freelancer-supported software development. This helps to understand that which software development areas have higher concentrations of research efforts, which area has the support of empirical evidence to support management decision makings, and which area requires the research attention. [Method] The systematic study is conducted by planning the mapping protocol, executing the protocol, and reporting the findings using various visualization tools like bar charts and pie charts. The search process was planned to be executed using set of inclusion and exclusion conditions on four bibliographic databases (IEEExplore, Springerlink, Sciencedirect, and ACM digital library). The relevant papers are selected by applying inclusion and exclusion conditions. The google citations of the relevant papers are subject to the inclusion and exclusion conditions again to include the more relevant papers. Finally, the systematic schema was created and populated after analyzing the studies abstracts. [Results] The results indicate the following (a) The research focus is on generic software development (78%) rather on individual life cycle activities. (b) The number of empirical studies is limited (25%). (c) A number of studies proposing solutions and evaluating on live cases in industrial settings are missing from the literature. This is in comparison to the validation approaches (72%) i.e., solutions tested in laboratory settings. (d) At present, the literature has limited ability to provide the software companies (including startups) with the guidelines (in the form of opinions and experience reports) for involving freelancers in the software development process. (e) The reported challenges include Collaboration and Coordination (33%), Developer Recommendation (or selection) (19%), Team Formulation (14%), Task Recommendation (allocation) (14%), Task Decomposition (11%), Privacy and Security (Confidentiality) (11%), Budget Estimation (8%), Recognition (8%), Trust Issues (8%), Market Dynamism (6%), Intellectual Property Issues (6%), Participation of Crowd Worker (6%), and Capacity Utilization (3%). These challenges are highly interactive, and each challenge impacts all other challenges. (e) Recent focus of the researchers (total 7 studies in 2019) is on generic software development handling the collaboration and coordination (3 studies out of 7), Developer recommendation (2 studies out of 7), and task recommendation (2 studies out of 7). [Conclusion] The freelancer-driven software engineering research area has got the attraction of the researchers, but it will take a long time to gain maturity. This puts an urgent call for more empirical studies and evaluation-based solution research that could help companies (including startups) to foster innovations. Further, the research focus should be well distributed among the various development phases to address the unique challenges associated with individual activities. The accurate management of the freelancer in the software development could help companies and startups to foster innovations and remain competitive in the marketplace.

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