An exploratory investigation of the ethical values of American and Australian consumers: Direct marketing implications

Rawwas, Mohammed Y. A.; Strutton, David; Johnson, Lester W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7138(199623)10:4<52::aid-dir5>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Research in consumer ethics can be divided into two broad categories, studies that measure consumers' attitudes toward a set of unethical practices and studies that focus on specific unethical behaviors. The first set of studies almost invariably use Vitell and Muncy's ''consumer ethics scale '' 1 (1992) to measure the extent to which consumers agree with different types of questionable practices especially in cross-cultural settings (e.g., Rawwas et al (1994Rawwas et al ( , 1996, Al-Khatib et al 1997;Polonsky et al 2001). Some of these found differences among consumers from different countries/cultures.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Development Consumer Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Rawwas et al (1994) compared Egyptian and Lebanese consumers and reported that Lebanese consumers were more accepting of questionable practices (by consumers), and they also exhibited higher levels of Machiavellianism and relativism. Rawwas et al (1996) found that Australian consumers were more intolerant of questionable practices by consumers as compared to the US consumers for three of the four consumer ethics scale dimensions. In a comparison of Egyptian and US consumers, Al-Khatib et al (1997) concluded that the US consumers were more ethical as compared to the Egyptian consumers.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Development Consumer Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anger Strays, Fear Refrains: The Differential Effect of Negative Emotions on Consumers’ Ethical Judgments

et al. 2016

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Although various factors have been studied for their influence on consumers' ethical judgments, the role of incidental emotions has received relatively less attention. Recent research in consumer behavior has focused on studying the effect of specific incidental emotions on various aspects of consumer decision making. This paper investigates the effect of two negative, incidental emotional states of anger and fear on ethical judgment in a consumer context using a passive unethical behavior scenario (i.e., too much change received). The paper presents two experimental studies. Study 1 focuses on the interaction of moral intensity (amount of change) and incidental emotion state in predicting the ethical judgment while study 2 investigates the underlying causal mechanism behind the process, using a mediation analysis. The results reveal a significant interaction between moral intensity and incidental emotion. Specifically, individuals in the state of incidental fear exhibit higher levels of ethical judgment as the moral intensity increases as compared to individuals in the state of incidental anger. Further, perceived control is found to mediate the relationship between emotional state and ethical judgment under higher moral intensity condition.

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Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Development Consumer Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Development Consumer Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger Strays, Fear Refrains: The Differential Effect of Negative Emotions on Consumers’ Ethical Judgments

et al. 2016

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“…Among the cross-cultural studies undertaken using these measures, there were many research studing different countries or cities about consumer ethics (Rawwas, Vitell and Al-Khabib, 1994;Rawwas, Strutton and Johnson, 1996;Swaidan, 1999). These results indicate that environment and situational context may play a major role in affecting consumers' perceptions.…”

Section: Cross-cultural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Materialism on Consumer Ethics: An Empirical Study on Adult Students in Hong Kong

Olivia¹,

Tong²,

Wong³

2012

jmr

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This research examined the relationship between materialism and the unethical behaviour of consumers and how demographic variables affect the relationship between materialism and consumer ethics. A research framework with five hypotheses was established to examine these relationships. The study adopted the consumer ethics scale and the measure of materialistic attitudes scale (MMA) used in prior studies. Based on convenience sampling, 303 participants completed an anonymous questionnaire. Multiple-indicators were used to Journal of Management Research ISSN 1941-899X 2012 www.macrothink.org/jmr 52 measure the two variables of materialism and consumer ethics with respondents being asked to answer a number of questions for each variable. Cronbach's alpha value was used to test internal reliability. Data were analysed by using descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson product moment correlation, independent samples t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Findings indicate that the relationship between materialism and consumer ethics is not significant and that demographic variables of age, income and education all have a moderating effect on the relationship with education being a very important factor in developing a healthy ethical attitude among young people which may prompt governments to allocate more resource to education and encourage educators to pay more attention to moral and civic education.

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“…Several personal characteristics were tested as factors influencing ethical decisionmaking. Among the most frequently studied factors, Machiavellianism (Erffmeyer et al, 1999;Rawwas et al, 1994Rawwas et al, , 1996Van Kenhove et al, 2001) and moral philosophy (Al-Khatib et al, 2002;Erffmeyer et al, 1999;Rawwas et al, 1995;Singhapakdi et al, 1999;Swaidan et al, 2004) should be mentioned. Overall, Vitell (2003) points out that less Machiavellian, less relativistic, and more idealistic consumers were found to be more ethical.…”

Section: Consumer Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Effects of Moral Development Level, Self-Concept, and Self-Monitoring on Consumers’ Ethical Attitudes

et al. 2009

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An exploratory investigation of the ethical values of American and Australian consumers: Direct marketing implications

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Anger Strays, Fear Refrains: The Differential Effect of Negative Emotions on Consumers’ Ethical Judgments

Anger Strays, Fear Refrains: The Differential Effect of Negative Emotions on Consumers’ Ethical Judgments

The Impact of Materialism on Consumer Ethics: An Empirical Study on Adult Students in Hong Kong

Examining the Effects of Moral Development Level, Self-Concept, and Self-Monitoring on Consumers’ Ethical Attitudes

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