“…The cryosurgical procedure was basically identical to that employed and de tailed in earlier studies [7,8]. The basic differences being: firstly, in the target tis sue, i.e., the testis instead of the seminal vesicles and coagulating gland; secondly, the testis was frozen in situ 3 times at intervals of 30 days; and thirdly, freezing of the target area was accomplished hy controlling the flow of liquid-nitrogen to a 4-mm cryoprobe by a modified Linde CE-4 cryosurgical control unit (Linde Divi sion, Union Carbide [ 10J).…”