An experimental study of electrodialysis hydrodynamics

Belfort, Georges; Guter, Gerald A.

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)82001-9

Cited by 95 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Similar work has also been done by Rosenberg and Tirrell (1957), Mandersloot and Hicks (1965), Watson andThomas (1967), Process Research, Inc. (1968), Belfort andGuter (1972), andLeitz et al (1973). However, most available data are not presented with sufficient information to allow reduction to the forms we are interested in here, and relatively little work has been done on obtaining reliable correlations for the friction factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Isaacson¹,

Sonin²

1976

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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Empirical Sherwood number and friction factor correlations are presented for electrodialysis systems with channels containing strip-type eddy promoters having various spacings. Based on the scheme developed by Sonin and lsaacson (1974), it is shown that an eddy promoter spacing of about four channel thicknesses represents an optimization from the point of view of process economics. Sample calculations for optimum operating conditions are given for typical brackish water electrodialysis processes using the optimum channel configuration. It is argued, furthermore, that with the optimum spacing, the strip-type promoters investigated here have a performance approximately equivalent to, or better than, the best of other types of eddy promotion systems which have been tested, at least in the Reynolds number range of interest in electrodialysis systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Isaacson¹,

Sonin²

1976

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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“…Optical images of the membrane surface before and after the feed spacer was removed are shown in The uneven fouling is also evident from the investigation of the cross-sections which showed a considerable variation in the thickness of the surface deposits. In particular, many deposits in regions underneath or close to the spacer strands had a thickness of about 90 μm or more, as illustrated in Figure 2(a), whereas those located further away were thinner and had a thickness A major objective of using the feed spacer is to promote eddy mixing which increases mass transfer and reduces concentration polarization (Belfort and Guter, 1972). Whilst turbulence is created between the spacer strands, it is also known that the spacer may promote excessive particle precipitation in regions close to the strands (Gimmelshtein and Semiat, 2005).…”

Section: General Observations By Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

An autopsy study of a fouled reverse osmosis membrane element used in a brackish water treatment plant

et al. 2007

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The fouling of a spiral wound RO membrane after nearly one year of service in a brackish water treatment plant was investigated using optical and electron microscopic methods, FTIR and ICP-AES. Both the top surface and the cross-section of the fouled membrane were analysed to monitor the development of the fouling layer. It has been found that the extent of fouling was uneven across the membrane surface with regions underneath or in the vicinity of the strands of the feed spacer being more severely affected. The fouling appeared to have developed through different stages. In particular, it consisted of an initial thin fouling layer of an amorphous matrix with embedded particulate matter. The amorphous matrix comprised organic-Al-P complexes and the particulate matter was mostly aluminium silicates.Subsequently, as the fouling layer reached a thickness of about 5 to 7 μm, further amorphous material, which is suggested to include extracellular polymeric substances such as polysaccharides, started to deposit on top of the existing fouling layer. This secondary amorphous material did not seem to contain any particulate matter nor any inorganic elements 1 25 26 27 28 29 within it, but acted as a substrate upon which aluminium silicate crystals grew exclusively in the absence of other foulants, including natural organic matter (NOM).

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“…The boundary layer thickness is a function of velocity and flow spacer geometry, and it may be minimized by promoting turbulent flow, thus increasing the limiting current density (Belfort and Guter, 1972;Chiapello and Bernard, 1993;Zhong et al, 1983). The operating velocity in an ED stack is limited owing to the pressure drop along the flow spacer and through the stack.…”

Section: Spacermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis Reversal

Tanaka

2015

Ion Exchange Membranes

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An experimental study of electrodialysis hydrodynamics

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization

An autopsy study of a fouled reverse osmosis membrane element used in a brackish water treatment plant

Electrodialysis Reversal

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