Electrodialysis Reversal

Recent progress in renewable energy based-desalination in the Middle East and North Africa MENA region

“…saline water. These processes include capacitive deionization (CDI), electrodialysis ED, and electrodialysis reversal EDR [57] , [58] . Finally, some processes are not placed under any of the previous classes.…”

“…ED/EDR utilize membrane separation of ions and charged molecules under electrical potential, hence it is removed from saline water [58] , [106] , [107] . ED/EDR has been explored for water desalination in specific applications of low salinity feed water desalination, such as brackish water [108] , [109] , or high salinity water, i.e., brine for minimization and increased productivity prior to final disposal [110] , [111] , [112] .…”

“…ED/EDR has been explored for water desalination in specific applications of low salinity feed water desalination, such as brackish water [108] , [109] , or high salinity water, i.e., brine for minimization and increased productivity prior to final disposal [110] , [111] , [112] . ED/EDR poses many advantages such as the ability to utilize feedwater with higher suspended and dissolved solids, due to its high tolerance toward fouling, hence lower pretreatment requirements and high recovery [58] . However, ED/EDR has the disadvantage of relatively high direct electrical energy consumption, which is directly proportional to feed salinity and flow capacity [113] .…”

“…In EDR, the polarity of electrodes is switched, i.e. cathode becomes the anode and vice versa, at certain time periods to lessen scaling and deposited material [58] , [115] .…”