An Experimental Model of Femoral Condylar Defect Leading to Osteoarthrosis

Lefkoe, Todd P.; Trafton, Peter G.; Ehrlich, Michael G.; Walsh, William R.; Dennehy, Daniel T.; Barrach, H. J.; Akelman, Edward

doi:10.1097/00005131-199310000-00009

Cited by 109 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…It has advantages compared with other animal models: (1) when similar diameters are used, the effect of cartilage repair techniques can be monitored without the confounding effects of other potential causes of cartilage degeneration; (2) the operation is relatively simple and creates circumscribed cartilage lesions; (3) repair of these chronic partial-thickness articular cartilage lesions occurs with surrounding degeneration, which resembles the clinical situation [9,12,17,23,29,32]; and (4) cartilage lesions are created on the medial femoral condyle, which is the most commonly affected zone of articular cartilage damage observed with arthroscopies in humans [6,10,11]. Existing animal models intended to replicate human OA fail to resemble the clinical situation of a focal cartilage lesion, whereas the permanent trigger for degeneration will interfere with attempts of cartilage repair or regeneration [15,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it would be challenging to reproduce exactly the same grooves in each animal as far as depth and length. Penetration of the subchondral bone, as described in the articular step-off model [17], allows migration of mesenchymal stem cells influencing the repair process. In addition, although these are models for an advanced stage of OA, they are not expected to reflect the altered matrix metabolism and articular cartilage degeneration surrounding a focal partial-thickness articular cartilage lesion with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Partial-thickness Articular Cartilage Injury in a Rabbit Model

Jansen

Emans

Rhijn

et al. 2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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In humans, partial-thickness cartilage lesions frequently result in premature osteoarthritis. While rabbits often are used as a model for partial-thickness cartilage lesions, the natural course of cartilage surrounding such a lesion is largely unknown. We developed a rabbit model of a chronic partial-thickness cartilage defect and asked whether these defects led to (1) deterioration of surrounding cartilage macroscopically and microscopically (increased Mankin score) and (2) disturbances in proteoglycan metabolism. In 55 rabbits, we created a 4-mmdiameter partial-thickness cartilage defect on one medial femoral condyle. The surrounding cartilage was characterized during the course of 26 weeks. Contralateral knees were sham-operated. In experimental knees, we found cartilage softening and fibrillation at 13 and 26 weeks.High Mankin scores observed at 1 week were partially restored at 13 weeks but worsened later and were most pronounced at 26 weeks. Mankin scores in the experimental groups were worse at 1 and 26 weeks when compared with the sham groups. Mankin scores at 26 weeks improved compared with 1 week in the sham groups. Disturbances in proteoglycan metabolism were less evident. In this rabbit model, a partial-thickness cartilage lesion resulted in early markers of degenerative changes resembling the human situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Partial-thickness Articular Cartilage Injury in a Rabbit Model

Jansen

Emans

Rhijn

et al. 2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…When clinical characteristics of OA (e.g., pain, loss of mobility, and radiographic narrowing of the joint space) are made manifest it means that actual changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone have started long ago (Marijnissen et al, 2002;Matyas et al, 2004). Because of the difficulty of obtaining normal and OA tissues from the affected joint in humans, a number of animal models (cranial cruciate ligament transection, meniscectomy, creating femoral condylar defect, groove model etc) have been developed (Pond and Nuki, 1973;Lefkoe et al, 1993;Lindhorst et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Surgical model of osteoarthritis secondary to medial patellar luxation in dogs

Alam¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:This study was performed to make a surgical model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the dog. Experimental medial patellar luxation (MPL) was surgically produced in the left stifle (index) of 24 skeletally mature mixed small breed dogs (age two to six years and weight 2.8 to 9 kg). The animals were randomly allocated in 2 groups; sham group (n = 12), where the right stifle was sham operated and control group (n = 12) with intact right stifle. Physical and radiographic examinations of both stifles were performed at 1.5 months intervals over a one-year experimental period. One dog was euthanatized every three months, and both stifles were explored, gross examination was performed and tissue samples from the articular cartilage, cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and synovium were collected for histomorphology. The clinical signs of OA were obvious in the experimental dogs by 12 weeks of surgical induction of MPL, which was also evidenced in the histopathology of the joint tissues and electron microscopy of the articular cartilage. The radiographic changes of OA were not obvious until remarkable degenerative changes became abvious six months postoperatively. Surgically induced MPL can be a successful tool for experimental induction of OA in dogs.

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“…Previous research on full-thickness surface offsets investigated the fate of the lesion in stable knees of rabbits. These experiments focused on the effects of the size of the defect and different methods of treatment on regeneration/degeneration of the cartilage [14][15][16][17][18][19] and have…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18][19] By contrast, large defects did not heal and caused severe osteoarthritis. 14,15 Minor offsets showed qualitative changes in the immunohistological detection of 3-B-3(-) and 7-D-4 chondroitin sulphate epitopes associated with the remodelling and adaptation which occurred around the defect. 18,19 We have investigated the effect of ligamentous instability on the fate of a minor coronal step-off in an established rabbit model of intra-articular incongruity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of degeneration in an unstable knee with a coronal surface step-off

Lovász

Park²,

Ebramzadeh

et al. 2001

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

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T o investigate the effect of instability on the remodelling of a minor articular surface offset, we created a 0.5 mm coronal step-off of the medial femoral condyle in 12 New Zealand white rabbits and transected the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). A control group of 12 rabbits had only ACL resection and the opposite knee was used as the non-operated control. The osteoarthritic changes at 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery were evaluated histologically. In addition, changes in the immunological detection of 3-B-3(-) and 7-D-4 chondroitin-6-sulphate epitopes were determined because of the previous association of such changes with repair of cartilage and early osteoarthritis.In the instability/step-off group there was rapidly progressing focal degeneration of cartilage on the high side of the defect, not seen in previous step-off studies in stable knees. The rest of the femoral condyles and the tibial plateaux of the instability/step-off group had moderate osteoarthritis similar to that of the instability group. 3-B-3(-) was detectable in the early and the intermediate stages of osteoarthritis but no staining was seen in the severely damaged cartilage zones. Immunoreactivity with 7-D-4 increased as degeneration progressed.Our findings have shown that even a minor surface offset may induce rapid degeneration of cartilage when the stability of the knee is compromised.

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An Experimental Model of Femoral Condylar Defect Leading to Osteoarthrosis

Cited by 109 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Partial-thickness Articular Cartilage Injury in a Rabbit Model

Development of Partial-thickness Articular Cartilage Injury in a Rabbit Model

Surgical model of osteoarthritis secondary to medial patellar luxation in dogs

Characteristics of degeneration in an unstable knee with a coronal surface step-off

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