An Examination of the African American Experience of Everyday Discrimination and Symptoms of Psychological Distress

Banks, Kira Hudson; Kohn-Wood, Laura P.; Spencer, Michael S.

doi:10.1007/s10597-006-9052-9

Cited by 309 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(65 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

261

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Em seguida, excluíram-se mais quatro artigos, após a leitura de seus conteúdos na ín-tegra, por não se tratarem de estudos originais ou não apresentarem medida de discriminação interpessoal autorrelatada como a principal exposição. Esse processo resultou em 34 estudos 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35 . Adolescentes e adultos representaram a faixa etária estudada em 44% dos trabalhos (n = 12), apenas adolescentes 11% (n = 3) e crianças, adolescentes e adultos 11% (n = 3).…”

Section: Análises Estatísticasunclassified

“…Foi relatada moderação sobre o uso de substâncias por aculturação linguística e tempo de residência nos Estados Unidos 34 , presença de pais apoiadores 30 , e autoestima elevada 17 . Um estudo 42 relatou que raça/etnia moderou a relação entre a discriminação de gênero, estresse e uso de drogas durante a vida, exclusivamente para o subgrupo de mulheres latinas.…”

Section: Análises Estatísticasunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre discriminação interpessoal e saúde mental

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foram caracterizados estudos epidemiológicos que avaliaram a relação entre discriminação interpessoal e condições de saúde mental, atualizando revisões prévias sobre o tema. Identificaram-se 34 artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2010 no PubMed, dos quais 68% utilizaram amostras de conveniência e 82% o delineamento transversal. Observaram-se associações positivas e estatisticamente significativas entre discriminação e condições adversas de saúde mental, especialmente uso de substâncias, depressão e transtornos associados ao uso de álcool. Somente um terço dos estudos explicitou um referencial teórico para interpretar as relações examinadas. Similarmente às revisões anteriores, pode-se afirmar que as experiências discriminatórias se associam positiva e consistentemente com desfechos adversos de saúde mental. Entretanto, investigações futuras deverão empregar delineamentos mais robustos para a inferência causal, utilizar instrumentos de discriminação com boas propriedades psicométricas e adotar referencial teórico específico para interpretar os resultados produzidos.

show abstract

Section: Análises Estatísticasunclassified

Revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre discriminação interpessoal e saúde mental

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…120,121 Higher rates of depression are common among black youth who are exposed to racial discrimination. 44,46,69,70 In general, group differences in racial discrimination largely explain differences in psychological functioning between children of color and other groups. 75 Exposure to racial discrimination is also a risk factor for violence in male black children 6,122 and is associated with lower levels of moral reasoning and development, empathy, and perceptions of justice.…”

Section: Racial Discrimination Psychological Functioning and Risk Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A child's sense of control over life and health outcomes as well as perceptions of the world as fair, equal, and just are significantly influenced by his or her social experiences and environment. Unfortunately, the social environment for many children of color includes personal and family experiences of racial discrimination that foster perceptions of powerlessness, inequality, and injustice. In turn, these perceptions may influence child health outcomes and disparities by affecting biological functioning (eg, cardiovascular and immune function) and the quality of the parent-child relationship and promoting psychological distress (eg, self-efficacy, depression, anger) that can be associated with risk-taking and unhealthy behaviors. In this article we review existing theoretical models and empirical studies of the impact of racial discrimination on the health and development of children of color in the United States. On the basis of this literature, a conceptual model of exposure to racial discrimination as a chronic stressor and a risk factor for poor health outcomes and child health disparities is presented. Pediatrics 2009;124:S176-S186

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Explicit bias diminishes physical and mental health of Blacks. 6,[10][11][12][13][14] Blacks across age groups are victims of explicit and implicit racial bias. 12,[15][16][17][18][19] Implicit and explicit bias influence health of Blacks as they activate a number of pathophysiological pathways that cause illness over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Race and Gender and Effect on Implicit Racial Bias Against Blacks

Assari

2018

Int J Epidemiol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and aims: Exposure and vulnerability to racial discrimination is not solely a function of race but the intersection of race and gender, with Black men experiencing more discrimination than Black women. This phenomenon is explained by the subordinate male target hypothesis, suggesting that majority men specifically target men of color. If that is the case, implicit bias would be most common among the majority men. The current cross-sectional study investigated race by gender differences in implicit bias against Blacks. Methods: Data came from Harvard University's Project Implicit, an online survey, conducted during 2006-2016. Data included 444 422 implicit association tests (IATs) which were taken by Blacks (n=56 384) and Whites (n=388 038). Using IAT, the dependent variable was implicit bias against Blacks. Independent variables were race, gender, and age. Using SPSS, linear regressions were utilized to test the additive and multiplicative effects of race and gender on implicit bias against Blacks. Results: Race (b = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.38-0.39) and gender (b = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.05-0.05) were associated with IAT score suggesting higher implicit bias against Blacks among Whites and men. A significant interaction was found between race and gender (b = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.04-0.07), suggesting the highest level of implicit bias against Blacks among White men. Conclusion: It is not solely race and gender but their intersection that shapes social distribution of implicit bias against Blacks. This finding extends the previous literature showing that not solely race or gender but their intersection influences exposure to discrimination.

show abstract

An Examination of the African American Experience of Everyday Discrimination and Symptoms of Psychological Distress

Cited by 309 publications

References 31 publications

Revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre discriminação interpessoal e saúde mental

Revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre discriminação interpessoal e saúde mental

Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

Interaction Between Race and Gender and Effect on Implicit Racial Bias Against Blacks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About