An estimate of the current risk of transmitting blood‐borne infections through blood transfusion in Italy

Tosti, Maria Elena; Solinas, S; Prati, Daniele; Salvaneschi, L.; Manca, Maria Antonietta; Francesconi, Mirko; Ciuffreda, Michele; Girelli, Gabriella; Mele, Alfonso

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03334.x

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4 Whether HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive units can transmit HBV infection to recipients is debated. [13][14][15][16][17][25][26][27] The low viremic content and often the concomitant presence of neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies has led several authors to conclude that blood from anti-HBc/anti-HBs-positive donors is safe; the English experience seems reassuring as no case of hepatitis B transmission was related to transfusion in a survey of 20000 blood units controlled only for HBsAg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 In a recent evaluation of the impact of the seronegative window phase on the residual risk of transmitting the three infections through blood transfusion in Italy, this was estimated to be 15.78 units per million for HBV compared to 2.45 and 4.45 units per million for HIV and HCV, respectively. 4 In the last 2 years, the risks of HCV and HIV transmission were further reduced to 0.5 and 1.1 units per million transfusions by the introduction of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) testing. 5 After the implementation of HBsAg screening in the 1970s, there have been no further measures in Italy to decrease the residual risk of HBV transmission, other than improving the sensitivity of the HBsAg assay.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Manzini¹,

Girotto²,

Borsotti³

et al. 2007

Haematologica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Manzini¹,

Girotto²,

Borsotti³

et al. 2007

Haematologica

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“…In the past, the selection of blood donor was considered the most important factor in reducing infections through blood transfusion. With the introduction of serologic test in blood banks, there was an enormous decrease in the most commonly encountered transmitted infectious blood diseases through blood [5]. These infections are blood-borne bacteria, parasites or viruses depending on their etiologic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Ao¹,

Ta²,

Bo³

et al. 2017

J Transm Dis Immun

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Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusion. Nevertheless, blood unscreened for transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) is a major public health problem. The prevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis among blood donors reflect the status in the community hence the need for this study. A total of 108 donors comprising 11 family replacement donors, 32 voluntary donors and 65 paid donors were tested for antibodies to HIV, HBsAg, HCV and, syphilis using rapid serological screening methods. Among the 108 blood donors screened at the Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) Elele, the prevalence rates of HIV, HBsAg and HCV were 5.6%, 4.6% and 2.8%, respectively. All of the subjects tested negative to syphilis. The percentage positive based on the donor source was 4.6%, 4.6% and 0.9% for HIV, HBsAg and HCV, respectively among the paid donors, 1% for HIV among the voluntary donor and 1.9% for HCV among the family replacement donors. The prevalence rate for HIV and HBsAg co-infection was 0.9% as only one donor tested positive to both. Blood donors in MUTH Elele are relatively safe but efforts should be intensified in ensuring maximum safety. This can be achieved by screening, counseling and creating awareness on the need to donate blood voluntarily.

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“…The management of central venous catheters was suspected to be the probable route of transmission. In conclusion, the MST model, supported by an exhaustive clinical-epidemiological investigation, appears to be a useful tool in tracing the history of transmission in outbreaks of HCV infection.Since the introduction of blood donor screening through antibody testing, the risk of acquiring infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) through the transfusion of blood or blood products has dramatically decreased in industrialized countries (8,28,34). Nonetheless, the nosocomial transmission of HCV continues to occur (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the introduction of blood donor screening through antibody testing, the risk of acquiring infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) through the transfusion of blood or blood products has dramatically decreased in industrialized countries (8,28,34). Nonetheless, the nosocomial transmission of HCV continues to occur (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Minimum Spanning Tree Model for Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

et al. 2004

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The minimum spanning tree (MST) model was applied to identify the history of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in an outbreak involving five children attending a pediatric oncology-hematology outpatient ward between 1992 and 2000. We collected blood samples from all children attending since 1992, all household contacts, and one health care worker positive for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV). HCV RNA detection was performed with these samples and with smears of routinely collected bone marrow samples. For all isolates, we performed sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis of hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene. The MST model was applied to clinical-epidemiological and molecular data. No additional cases were detected. All children, but not the health care worker, showed genotype 3a. On six occasions, all but one child had shared the medication room with another patient who later seroconverted. HCV RNA detection in bone marrow smears revealed, in some cases, a delay of several months in anti-HCV responses. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a high identity among the isolates. The MST model applied to molecular data, together with the clinical-epidemiological data, allowed us to identify the source of the outbreak and the most probable patient-to-patient chain of transmission. The management of central venous catheters was suspected to be the probable route of transmission. In conclusion, the MST model, supported by an exhaustive clinical-epidemiological investigation, appears to be a useful tool in tracing the history of transmission in outbreaks of HCV infection.Since the introduction of blood donor screening through antibody testing, the risk of acquiring infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) through the transfusion of blood or blood products has dramatically decreased in industrialized countries (8,28,34). Nonetheless, the nosocomial transmission of HCV continues to occur (21). Several recent studies provided evidence of patient-to-patient transmission in most of the cases of nosocomial transmission (2, 5, 6, 9, 13, 15-17, 19, 20, 29, 36), although some studies also reported transmission from health care workers to patients and vice versa (10,26,32).In recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques has proven to be a powerful tool in the epidemiological investigation of HCV infection in health care facilities and other settings (2,4,6,9,10,13,15,16,19,20,24,30,32). In particular, phylogenetic tree analysis has often been used to identify the original source of infection. However, this technique does not allow a detailed history of transmission to be traced or the modes of transmission to be identified, except in cases of provider-to-patient transmission.In an attempt to more completely describe nosocomial outbreaks of HCV infection, we adopted a parsimonious theoretical approach, referred to as the minimum spanning tree (MST) model (see Appendix). The MST approach, a concept of the graph theory, represents one of the most common problems of combinatorial optim...

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An estimate of the current risk of transmitting blood‐borne infections through blood transfusion in Italy

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection

Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Use of the Minimum Spanning Tree Model for Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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